- Coffee plantations with lateral shading from linear tree plantings in field
borders and along roads that block wind, avoid excessive shading or facili-
tate air movement and reduce pathogen infestation in humid, cloudy sites.
•Monolayered shade canopies: coffee plantations with one shade stratum
and, typically, only one shade species, be this a service tree that is grown for
9. Biodiversity Conservation in Neotropical Coffee Plantations 203
Figure 9.1. Idealized vertical structures and botanical compositions in coffee
plantations.