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Sustainability 2011 , 3 2374

Table 7. Energy share of diesel and electric motors required to pump groundwater to

wheat in Pakistan (calculation example).

FY (millions) Pumps Days per year Hours per day Total hours per pump

Total hours

for all pumps

(millions)

Diesel/electricity
(unadjusted) on
wheat (PJ)
2009 (diesel) 0.4 125 5 635 235.0 8.6
2009 (electric) <0.1 184 6 1,104 62.6 2.3

Table 8. Embodied energy of diesel and electric pumps watering wheat in Pakistan

(calculation example).

FY

No. of diesel/electric

pumps watering

wheat (000)

AFEC

(MJ kg-1-year)

Weight

(kg; one

pump)

Total embodied

energy of one

pump (MJ)

Total embodied

energy of all

pumps (PJ)

2009 (diesel) 375.9 4.5 275 1,237.5 0.5

2009 (electric) 56.7 6.8 275 1,870.0 0.1

Table 9. Imported fertilizer and pesticide percentages of totals used.

FY Imported fertilizer (% of total used) Imported pesticide (% of total used)

1999 34.2 59.6

2000 23.4 32.2

2001 19.6 43.4

2002 21.4 38.8

2003 25.4 30.8

2004 23.7 31.2

2005 21.2 27.0

2006 33.3 29.2

2007 21.7 19.0

2008 24.5 23.7

2009 15.3 23.7

Source: Calculated from [9], pp. 127, 133, 150.

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