on ownership of conquered lands,
157–158
quoting Umar II, 173
on state finance, 159
on Zakàh, 190–192
Abyssinians, 12, 13, 15
adàlah ijtima"iyyah, 43, 373, 409
Adhan, 101
adl, 373, 409
afterlife, 67
Age of Ignorance and Confusion. see
Jahiliyyah
agency agreement, 142
aggregate demand, 213
al-Aghanì(al-A›fahànì), 225, 238
agricultural land, 118, 137–138
agricultural produce, tax on, 190
agriculture
during Abbàsid caliphate, 139
Aœàdìth misconceptions about, 137,
202–203
under caliph Ali ibn Abi-Taleb, 123
under caliph Umar I, 136–138
diversity of produce, 159–160
and qata"i, 161
reclaiming barren land, 106
schools of, 139
al-Shaibànìon, 200–203
in South Arabia, 14
during Umayyad caliphate, 136–139
and Zakàh, 77
Aœàdìth
authenticity of, 34
collecting of, 33–35
definition of, 409
and legal philosophy, 166
misconceptions about agriculture,
137, 202–203
al-Aœkàm al-Sùltàniyyah(al-Màwardì),
227, 234–237
al-Aœkàm al-Sùltàniyyah (Ibn al-Fara"),
262
ahl al-ra"y, 166, 171, 409
ahl-al-Œadìth, 166, 409
Ahmad, Khurshid, 389–390
Ahmad ibn-Œanbal (d. 855 A.C.), 411Index
Bold pagenumbers refer to the glossary.Aalim. see Ulama"
Abbasìd caliphate
under the Bùwayhìds, 226–227, 234
classification of state administration,
132
end of, 287
extravagant lifestyle during, 208
market forces, 83
period of power, 127–128
reorganizing postal services, 130
state entrepreneurship, 80–81
state revenue, 84
Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsì(d 1731 A.C.),
289
Abd al-Màlik Ibn Marwàn (d. 705 A.C.),
130, 133, 134
Abd-al Majid II (d. 1944), 93
Abd-al-Wahhìb al Sha"rànì(d. 1565
A.C.), 289, 296–297
Abraham (prophet-patriarch), 2, 19
AbùA"la Maudùdì(d. 1979), 325
Abùal-Abbàs al-Saffah (d. 754 A.C.),
127–128
Abù-Bakr (1st Caliph) (d. 634 A.C.)
apostasy wars, 96–98, 416
compiling Qur"àn, 33
death of Mùhammad, 93, 94
Islamic conquest, 102
traits of, 95–96
Zakàh, 76, 98–99
Abù-Dawood (d. 888 A.C.), 35
Abù-Œanìfah, al-Nu"man ibn-Thabit
(d. 767 A.C.), 167, 171, 197, 411
Abù-Saud, M., 359–360
Abù-Ubaid al-Qasim ben Sallam (d. 838
A.C.), 205–208
Abù-Yùsuf Ya"qub ibn Ibràhìm
al-Ansari (d. 798 A.C.)
about legislation for non-Muslims, 194
author, 171–173
Bàqir-al-Sadr versus, 398
and Harùn al-Rashìd, 169, 172–173
Kitàb al-Kharàj, 169–197
on land tax, 178–180
on law and order, 194, 262
on leasing, 194–195