al-Jahiz (d. 869 A.C.), 160
Jama"a. see Sunnis
Jamaat al-Ikhwan al-Muslimùn (1928),
323–324, 329
Jama"at-i-Islami (1941), 325
Jamal al-Dìn al-Afghànì(d. 1897
A.C.), 321–323
al-Jàmi", Sunan al-Tarmazi (al-Tirmizi), 35
Jeddah, 330, 340, 341, 368
Jews, 49, 112, 177, 307
ji"alah, 413
jihàd
and agriculture, 137, 202
Bedouins and, 26
and conquered lands, 105
and courage, 10, 25
declared by al-Madhì, 318–319
and Ghanìmah, 86
meaning hardship, 168
offering self for, 57
and public finance, 98
and Zakàh, 88
jizyah
abolishment of, 307
Abù-Yùsuf on, 192–193
under caliph Umar I, 105
characteristics of, 89, 113
compared to kharàj, 110, 111–112
definition of, 413
exemption from, 145
expenditure of, 114
for military protection, 31
reinstation of, 308
during Umayyad caliphate, 150–151
Judaism
as divinely inspired religion, 30
and interest, 52
in Medina, 31
in pre-Islamic Arabia, 13, 20
the temple in, 135
judges, 122, 123–124, 173, 176
judicial reasoning. see qiyàs
al-Junayd, Abù(d. 910 A.C.), 212–213
juridical philosophy. seelegal philosophy
jurisprudence. see also fiqh; ijtihàd,
35–37, 159, 166
juristic preference. seeistiœsàn
justice. seeeconomic injustice; social
justice
Ka"aba, 3, 13, 20
kafalah, 413
kasb, 279–280
Kashf al-Zunùn in al-Asàmi w-al-Funùn
(Katib Chelebi), 288–289
Katib Chelebi (d. 1657 A.C.), 288–289
Keynes, John Maynard (d. 1946), 278,
280
Khadigah, 22
kharàj. see also kharàj land
Abù-Yùsuf on, 177–184
administration of, 189–190
books on, 169
definition of, 413
in early writing, 169
introduction by caliph Umar I, 104,
106, 110–112, 152
and Islamic converts, 161
meaning of, 169
reforms during Abbasìd caliphate,
181–190
reforms during Umayyad caliphate,
152
on revived land, 189
state expenditure, 114
state registration, 116
state revenue, 131, 145
kharàj land, 152, 177, 183, 189
Khartoum, 318–319
Khawàrij, 120–121, 164, 215
al-khilafah. see alsovice-regency, concept
of, 413
al-Khilafah al-Rashìdah. see also
Rightly-Guided Caliphate, 416
khiyanah, 413
Khums. see also Ghanìmah
characteristics, 109
expenditure of, 114
on revived land, 189
tax on produce, 190
during Umayyad caliphate, 149–150
Khyber, 21, 194–195
Kindites, 18, 413
King Abdul-Azìz University, 338, 340
al-Kinidi, Ya"qup ibn-Ishaq, 18
Kitàb al-Aœkàm al-Sùtàniyyah(al-Màwardì),
234 –237
Kitàb al-Amwàl (Abù-Ubaid), 206–208
Kitàb al-Iktisàb (al-Shaibànì), 198–205
Kitàb al-Kharàj (Abù-Yùsuf ), 171–197
Kitàb al-Kharàj (Qudama ibn-Ja"afer), 170
Kitàb al-Kharàj (Yahya ibn-Adam), 170
Kitàb Nasihat al-Mùlk (al-Màwardì), 233
Kitàb Risalat al-Iktisàb wa al Wara"
(al-Muœàsibì), 214–221
Kitchener, (Horatio) Herbert (d. 1916
A.C.), 318
Kufa, 135, 136
kufr, 220
Kuwait, 363index 439