religion. see also Christian faith; Islam;
Judaism; Shì"ah faith; Sikh religion
in business partnerships, 142–143
equality of, 306–307
and sects, 162
sects, 215, 232, 292
separation of politics and, 287–288
tolerance of, 307
religio-political philosophy
during Abbàsid caliphate, 162–163
and Greek philosophy, 162
of Muœammad Iqbal, 325
of Shah Wali-Allah, 309–310
religio-social-caring spending, 67
religious philosophy. see falsafah
religious science, 168
religious societies, 353
resources. seeeconomic resources;
human resources; mineral resources;
natural resources
responsibility, concept of, 39–40, 374
resurrection, 27–28
revealing a verse, 113
The Revelations, 101
revived land, 188–189
reward and punishment, system of, 27,
40, 56, 67, 70
al-Ri"àyah li-œuqùq Allah (al-Muœàsibì),
211
Ribà, 365–371, 387–388, 416
Ribàal-Buyù", 53–55, 416
Ribàal-duyun. see also Ribàal-Qur"àn,
53, 416
Ribàal-fadle. see also Ribàal-Buyù", 54,
416
Ribàal-Jahiliyyah. see also Ribàal-Qur"àn,
53, 416
Ribàal-nasì"a. see also Ribàal-Buyù";Ribà
al-Qur"àn, 53, 54, 416
Ribàal-Qur"àn
definition of, 416
linguistic meaning, 50
misconceptions about, 52
punishment for, 50
Qur"ànic references, 23, 49
technical definition of, 48, 50
Ribàal-qurùd. see also Ribàal-Qur"àn,
53, 416
the rich
gap between poor and, 75, 77
and the poor, 9, 43, 198, 205
and saving, 71
al-Riddah, 96–98, 416
Rightly Guided caliphate, 92–94, 208,
411, 416
Rightly Guided caliphs. see also Abù-Bakr
(1st Caliph); Ali ibn Abi Tàlib (4th
Caliph); Umar I ibn al-Khattàb (2nd
Caliph); Uthmàn ibn Affàn (3rd
Caliph), 416
Risalat al-Makàsib wa’l Wara"
(al-Muœàsibì), 211–212
risk management, 381
rizq, 279–280
Romans, 13, 15, 16
Royal Society for the Prevention of
Cruelty to Animals, 261
RSPCA, 261
ru"aùs al-amwàl. see ra"s al-màl
ru"aùs amwàlikum, 49, 51, 416
Rules of Accountability and Public Duties
(Ibn al-Ukhùwwah), 263–268
rules of worship, 36
ruq"a, 135, 144, 416
al-Rùtbah fi ̨alab al-Œisbah
(al-Màwardì), 261–262
rutl, 182, 183
Saba"(Sheba), 11–12, 416
Sabaeans, 11–12, 14
Sabians, 112
sabour, 5, 417
sabre, 5, 417
al-Sàdàt, Anwar, 326, 329
flafawìd dynasty, 298–299, 301–305
Saffarìd dynasty, 226, 231
sahib-al-Barìd, 131
sahib-al-Barìd w-al-akhbar, 131
flaœìœal-Bùkhari (al-Bùkhari), 34
flaœìœMuslim (Muslim), 34
sakk. see sukùk
Saladin, 224
flalàh, 95, 96, 412
“sale of uncertain”. see buyu al-gharar
Saljuq dynasty, 229–230, 285
Samanìds, 226, 231
al-Sanusi, Muœammad ibn Ali (d.1859
A.C.), 318
Sanusiyyah Movement, 318
sarf, 417
al-Sarkhasi (d. 1090 A.C.), 198
Satan, 42, 61
Saudi Arabia, 87, 317, 341–342
saving, 69, 71, 73
Sawàfìland. see alsoqata"i
during Abbàsid caliphate, 187–188index 445