Thefollowingwebsitescan be consulted for informationon Britishand
European standards (http://www.bsi-global.com), EPA test methods(http://
http://www.epa.gov/epahome/index/),,) ASTM (http://www.astm.org), ISO (http://
http://www.iso.org)andand) AOAC(http://www.AOAC.org/) standards.
38.8 References
AFNOR (ASSOCIATION FRANCÀ AISE DE NORMALISATION) (1989), Recueil de normes
francÀaises.Antiseptiqueset de¬sinfectants, 2nd edn, Paris,La De¬fense,Association
FrancÀaise de Normalisation.
ALLISON DG, MCBAINAJandGILBERTP(2000),Biofilms:problemsof control',in Allison DG,GilbertP, Lappin-ScottHM and WilsonM,CommunityStructureand Co- operationin Biofilms, Cambridge,CambridgeUniversityPress,309±327. ALLWOODM C(1978),Antimicrobialagentsin single-and multi-doseinjections',J Appl
Bacteriol, 44 (S1),vii±xvii.
ANON(1988),Methodof Testfor the AntimicrobialActivityof Disinfectantsin Food
Hygiene,DD 177, London,BritishStandardsInstitute.
ANON(1997),Standardtest methodfor determiningthe virus-eliminatingeffectiveness of liquid hygienichandwash agents using fingerpads of adult volunteers', AmericanSocietyfor Testingand Materials,DesignationE1838-96,1±6. AOAC(ASSOCIATIONOF OFFICIALANALYTICALCHEMISTS)(1990),OfficialMethodsof Analysis, 15thedn,Arlington,Associationof OfficialAnalyticalChemists. ASCENZI JM(1991),Standardizationof tuberculocidaltestingof disinfectants',J Hosp
Infect, 18 (SA),256±263.
ASCENZI JM, EZZELLRJandWENDTTM(1987),A moreaccuratemethodfor measurement of tuberculocidalactivityof disinfectants',ApplEnvironMicrobiol, 53 (9), 2189± 2192. AUTYMAE,GARDINERGE,MCBREARTY SJ, O'SULLIVANEO,MULVIHILLDM,COLLINSJK, FITZGERALDGF, STANTON CandROSSRP(2001),Directin situviabilityassessment
of bacteriain probioticdairyproductsusingviabilitystainingin conjunctionwith
confocalscanninglasermicroscopy',ApplEnvironMicrobiol, 67 (1), 420±425.
AYLIFFEGAJ(1989),Standardizationof disinfectanttesting',J HospInfect, 13 (3), 211±216. AYLIFFEGAJ,BABBJRandQUORAISHIAH(1978),A test for `hygienic'' handdisinfection', J ClinPathol, 31 , 923±928. BELOAINA(1993),GeneralRefereeReports.Disinfectants',J AOACInt, 76 , 97±98.
BELOIANA(1995),GeneralRefereeReports.Disinfectants',J AOACInt, 78 , 179. BESTM, SPRINGTHORPEVSandSATTARSA(1994),Feasibilityof a combinedcarriertest
for disinfectants:studieswitha mixtureof five typesof microorganisms',Am J
InfectControl, 22 (3), 152±162.
BLOOMFIELD SF(2002),Significanceof biocideusageand antimicrobialresistancein domiciliaryenvironments',J ApplMicrobiol, 92 (S1),144±157. BLOOMFIELD SFandLOONEY E(1992),Evaluationof the repeatabilityand reproducibility
of Europeansuspensiontest methodsfor antimicrobialactivityof disinfectantsand
antiseptics',J ApplBacteriol, 73 (1), 87±93.
BLOOMFIELD, SF, ARTHURM, VANKLINGERENB, PULLENW, HOLAH JTandELTONR(1994),
`An evaluationof the repeatabilityand reproducibilityof a surfacetest for the
activityof disinfectants',J ApplBacteriol, 76 (1), 86±94.
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