Durham, 1995). Earl H. Pritchard, The Crucial Years of Early Anglo-
Chinese Relations 1750–1800(Octagon Books, New York, 1970); and
John K. Fairbank, Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast: The Opening
of the Treaty Ports 1842–1854(Harvard University Press, Cambridge,
Mass., 1964) both contain much useful information.
The Republic of China’s relations with Southeast Asia are
touched upon in John Gittings, The World and China 1922–1972(Eyre
Methuen, London, 1974). The most important aspect of these rel-
ations was with overseas Chinese, on which the classic study is Victor
Purcell, The Chinese in Southeast Asia, 2nd edn (Oxford University
Press, London, 1965). The best recent studies are by Wang Gungwu:
China and the Overseas Chinese(Times Academic Press, Singapore,
1991); and The Chinese Overseas: From Earthbound China to the Quest
for Autonomy(Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 2000).
Other useful works include Stephen Fitzgerald, China and the Overseas
Chinese: A Study of Peking’s Changing Policy, 1949–1970(Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 1972); Lynn Pan, Sons of the Yellow
Emperor: A History of the Chinese Diaspora(Little, Brown, Boston,
1990); Leo Suryadinata, ed., Southeast Asian Chinese and China: The
Politico-Economic Dimension(Times Academic Press, Singapore, 1995);
Constance Lever-Tracy, David Ip, and Noel Tracy, The Chinese Dias-
pora and Mainland China: An Emerging Economic Synergy(St Martin’s
Press, New York, 1996); Anthony Reid, ed., Sojourners and Settlers:
Histories of Southeast Asia and the Chinese in Honour of Jennifer Cushman
(Allen & Unwin, Sydney, NSW, 1996); and Paul J. Bolt, China and
Southeast Asia’s Ethnic Chinese: State and Diaspora in Contemporary Asia
(Praeger, Westport, Conn., 2000).
On the foreign and security relations of the PRC, the best studies
include Harold C. Hinton, China’s Turbulent Quest: An Analysis of
China’s Foreign Relations Since 1949(Indiana University Press, Bloom-
ington, 1970); Joseph Camilleri, Chinese Foreign Policy: The Maoist Era
and Its Aftermath(Martin Robertson, Oxford, 1980); Harry Harding,
ed., China’s Foreign Relations in the 1980s(Yale University Press, New
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