Muslims, 48, 49, 57, 70–2, 77, 84, 87,
94, 98, 99, 118, 161, 162, 179, 238,
239
Nanjing, 39, 80, 95, 133, 141
Nanyang, 23, 36, 41, 45, 49, 50, 64, 77,
80, 81, 89, 95, 98, 101, 103, 107, 112,
117, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127. See
also Southern Ocean
Nanzhao, 21, 52, 55–6
Napoleonic wars, 116
Narasuan, king of Siam, 34
Narathihapate, king of Pagan, 60–1
nationalism, Chinese, 3, 127, 130–7,
139, 149, 220, 230
in Southeast Asia, 132, 135, 136,
139, 146, 161
Ne Win, 177, 213
Nehru, Jawahalal, 171
Nepal, 40
New Economic Zones, 200
New Order, 190
neutrality, as policy, 2, 3, 144, 159–60,
169, 174–5, 177, 181–2, 185, 186,
188, 190, 212, 228, 249
Ngo Dinh Diem, 181
Nguyen Ai Quoc. SeeHo Chi Minh
Nguyen dynasty of Vietnam, 119, 126
Nguyen Hue, emperor of Vietnam, 114.
See alsoTayson brothers
Nguyen lords of southern Vietnam, 104,
107, 113
Nicobar Islands, 85
Ningbo, 98
Nixon, Richard, 185, 193, 195
non-Chinese peoples, Chinese attitudes
to, 6, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 53, 54, 78,
108, 226. See alsobarbarians
Northeast Asia, 232, 235
nuclear weapons, 150, 176, 177, 229
Nuclear Test Ban treaty, 177
Oc-eo, 27
opium, 117, 118, 119, 147
opium wars, 117, 118
overseas Chinese, 51, 71, 87, 88, 122–7,
130–8, 139, 143, 144, 148, 149, 151,
185, 210–11, 223, 238
capital investment in China by, 124,
210–11, 223
PRC policy towards, 162–4, 171, 172,
195, 211
Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission,
131‘pacification commissioners’, 228
pacification superintendencies, 80, 8
Pagan, kingdom of, 48, 60–1, 65
Pahang, 98
Palembang, 88
Pancasila, 162
Paracel (Xisha) Islands, 180, 198,
216–18, 219
Parameshvara, Prince of Melaka, 91
paranoia, as state behaviour, 157–8
Paris, 142
Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI), 177,
178, 179, 180, 190
Pathet Lao, 174, 175, 180, 182, 190
Pattani, 98, 111
paukphawrelationship, 160. See also
‘family’ metaphors
Pegu, 65, 102
Penang, 124, 125, 126
People’s Army of Vietnam (PAVN), 166,
181, 182
People’s Liberation Armed Forces, of
China, 220
Persians, 41, 42, 47, 87
Pescadores Islands, 104, 107
Pham Van Dong, 137
Phayao, kingdom of, 67
Phibul Songkram, 140, 141
Philippines, 2, 3, 6, 48, 97, 101, 108,
124, 131, 135, 143, 144, 150, 153,
162, 169, 177, 179, 185, 188, 193,
194, 196, 197, 216, 218–19, 232, 233,
234, 237, 238, 239, 242Index