7:70) and the ‘adarkon (Ezra 8:27). The daric (q.v.) was a gold piece
current in Palestine in the time of Cyrus. As long as the Jews, after the
Exile, lived under Persian rule, they used Persian coins. These gave place to
Greek coins when Palestine came under the dominion of the Greeks (B.C.
331), the coins consisting of gold, silver, and copper pieces. The usual gold
pieces were staters (q.v.), and the silver coins tetradrachms and drachms.
In the year B.C. 140, Antiochus VII. gave permission to Simon the
Maccabee to coin Jewish money. Shekels (q.v.) were then coined bearing
the figure of the almond rod and the pot of manna.
- MONEY-CHANGER (Matthew 21:12; Mark 11:15; John 2:15). Every
Israelite from twenty years and upwards had to pay (Exodus 30:13-15)
into the sacred treasury half a shekel every year as an offering to Jehovah,
and that in the exact Hebrew half-shekel piece. There was a class of men,
who frequented the temple courts, who exchanged at a certain premium
foreign moneys for these half-shekels to the Jews who came up to
Jerusalem from all parts of the world. (See PASSOVER.) When our Lord
drove the traffickers out of the temple, these money-changers fared worst.
Their tables were overturned and they themselves were expelled. - MONTH Among the Egyptians the month of thirty days each was in use
long before the time of the Exodus, and formed the basis of their
calculations. From the time of the institution of the Mosaic law the month
among the Jews was lunar. The cycle of religious feasts depended on the
moon. The commencement of a month was determined by the observation
of the new moon. The number of months in the year was usually twelve (1
Kings 4:7; 1 Chronicles 27:1-15); but every third year an additional month
(ve-Adar) was inserted, so as to make the months coincide with the
seasons.
“The Hebrews and Phoenicians had no word for month save ‘moon,’ and
only saved their calendar from becoming vague like that of the Moslems by
the interpolation of an additional month. There is no evidence at all that
they ever used a true solar year such as the Egyptians possessed. The
latter had twelve months of thirty days and five epagomenac or odd
days.”, Palestine Quarterly, January 1889.