324 Appendix 2
Ground Floor Any occupiable floor less than one story above or below grade with direct access
to grade. A building or facility always has at least one ground floor and may have more than one ground
floor as where a split level entrance has been provided or where a building is built into a hillside.
Grout A mixture of cement, sand, and water used to fill joints in masonry and tile construction.
Guardrail A horizontal protective railing used around stairwells, balconies, and changes of floor
elevation greater than 30 inches.
Gusset A plate added to the side of intersecting structural members to help form a secure con-
nection and to reduce stress.
Gutter A metal or wooden trough set below the eaves to catch and conduct water from rain and
melting snow to a downspout.
Half Section A combination of an orthographic projection and a section view to show two halves of
a symmetrical object.
Hanger A metal support bracket used to attach two structural members.
Hatching The lines that are drawn on the internal surface of sectional views. Used to define the kind
or type of material of which the sectioned surface consists.
Head The top of a window or door frame.
Header A horizontal structural member spinning over openings, such a doors and windows, for the
support of weight above the openings.
Header Course In masonry, a horizontal masonry course of brick laid perpendicular to the wall face;
used to tie a double wythe brick wall together.
Helix The curve formed on any cylinder by a straight line in a plane that is wrapped around the cylin-
der with a forward progression.
Hidden Lines A line used to define a part feature that is not visible in a specific view. Hidden lines
consist of a series of short dashes.
Hip Roof A roof shape with four sloping sides.
Hose Bibb A faucet used to connect a hose.
Indemnification A contractual obligation by which one person or entity agrees to secure another
against loss or damage from specified liabilities. See also Contractual Liability.
Indirect Costs (Soft Costs) Certain costs (other than direct costs) of completion of the improve-
ments, including but not limited to, architects’, engineers’ and Lender’s attorneys’ fees, ground rents, inter-
est on and recording taxes and title charges in respect of building loan mortgages, real estate taxes, wa-
ter and sewer rents, survey costs, loan commitment fees, insurance and bond premiums and such other
non-construction costs as are part of the “cost of improvements,” as such quoted term as defined in the ap-
plicable state’s lien law.
Indirect Cost Statement A statement by the borrower in a form approved by the lender of indirect
costs incurred and to be incurred.
Inscribed Figure A figure that is completely enclosed by another figure.
Inspection Examination of work completed or in progress to determine its conformance with the require-
ments of the contract documents. The architect ordinarily makes only two inspections of work, one to determine
substantial completion and the other to determine final completion. These inspections should be distinguished
from the more general observations made by the architect on visits to the site during the progress of the work.
The term is also used to mean examination of the work by a public official, owner’s representative, or others.
Insulation Any material capable of resisting thermal, sound, or electrical transmission.