Group Exhibitions
1976 Biennale di Venezia; Venice, Italy
1976 Identite ́—Identification; CAPC-Muse ́e d’art contem-
porain Bordeaux; Bordeaux, France and traveling
1976 Christian Boltanski/Annette Messager; das Glu ̈ck, die
Scho ̈nheit und die Tra ̈ume; Rheinisches Landesmuseum;
Bonn, Germany
1977 Documenta 6; Kassel, Germany
1979 French Art; Serpentine Gallery; London, England
1979 European Dialogue; Sydney Biennale; Sydney, Australia
1980 L’Arte degli anni Settanta. Biennale di Venezia; Venice,
Italy
1981 Autoportraits photographiques, 1898–1981; Centre
Georges Pompidou; Paris, France
1983 New Art 83; Tate Gallery; London, England
1985 Dialog; Moderna Museet; Stockholm, Sweden
1989 L’invention d’un art; Centre Georges Pompidou; Paris
1991 L’Exce`s et le retrait. 21. Biennale von Sa ̃o Paulo;Sa ̃o
Paulo, Brazil
1992 Parallel Visions: Modern Artists and Outsider Art;Los
Angeles County Museum of Art; Los Angeles, California
1993 Et Tous Ils changent le Monde. 2. Biennale de Lyon;
Lyon, France
1993 Tre ́sors de Voyage. Biennale di Venezia; Venice, Italy
1995 Masculin-Fe ́minin; Centre Georges Pompidou; Paris,
France.
1996 Comme un oiseau; Fondation Cartier; Paris, France
1997 Deep Storage; Haus der Kunst; Munich, Germany,
and traveling
1997 Rrose Is a Rrose Is a Rrose: Gender Performance in
Photography; Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum; New
York, New York
1998 L’e ́tonnante gravite ́des choses simples; Abbaye Saint-
Andre ́, Centre d’art contemporain; Meymac, France
1999 Puppen, Ko ̈rper, Automaten. Phantasmen der Moderne;
Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen; Du ̈sseldorf, Ger-
many
2000 Ich ist etwas Anderes. Kunst am Ende des 20. Jahrhun-
derts; Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen; Du ̈ssel-
dorf, Germany
2000 Closer to one another, Havana Biennale; Havana, Cuba
2000 Pre ́sume ́s innocents. L’art contemporain et l’enfance;
CAPC-Muse ́e d’art contemporain Bordeaux; Bordeaux,
France
Selected Works
Album Collection No. 3: Les enfants aux yeux raye ́s, 1972
Album Collection No. 18: Les Tortures volontaires, 1972
Les effroyables Aventures d’Annette Messager truqueuse, 1975
Les Feuilletons, 1978
Chime`res, 1982/84
Mes Petites Effigies, 1987
Les Lignes de la main, 1987/88
Mes Trophe ́es, 1987/88
Mes Vœux, 1988/89
De ́pendanceinde ́pendance, 1995
Further Reading
Annette Messager.Les Approches. Bru ̈ssel: Lebeer Hos-
smann, 1973.
———.Mes Cliche ́s par Annette Messager collectionneuse.
Lie`ge: Yellow Now, 1973.
———.Les Tortures Volontaires. Kopenhagen: Berg, 1974.
———.Ma Collection de proverbes par Annette Messager
collectionneuse. Milan: Giancarlo Politi, 1976.
———.Mes Enluminures. Dijon: art&art, 1988.
———.Mes Ouvrages. Arles: Actes Sud, 1989.
———.Nos Te ́moignages.Ko ̈ln: Oktagon, 1995.
Lemoine, Serge. Annette Messager. Come ́die Trage ́die,
1971–1989. Grenoble: Muse ́e de Grenoble, 1989.
Annette Messager: Faire Parade 1971–1995. Paris: Muse ́e
d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, 1995.
Conkelton, Sheryl, and Carol S. Eliel,Annette Messager.
Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art and
New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1995.
Annette Messager: La procesio ́n va por dentro. Madrid:
Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia, 1999.
Grenier, Catherine.Annette Messager. Paris: Flammarion,
2000.
RAY K. METZKER
American
Using black-and-white photography from his stu-
dent work through his latest landscapes, Ray K.
Metzker has proven himself a master of this med-
ium in the late twentieth century—his experimen-
tation with and challenging of long-held tenets of
photography have been hallmarks of his career.
Best known for his multiple-image compositions,
Metzker enriches each of his works through inten-
sive darkroom efforts and investigation of mate-
rial expressions.
Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1931, Metzker
started photographing at age 13, continued his pho-
tographic studies at Beloit College, briefly worked as
a commercial photographer, and taught photogra-
METZKER, RAY K.