1989 The New Vision: Photograph between the Wars; Metro-
politan Museum of Art; New York, New York
1990 German Photography; Metropolitan Museum of Art;
New York, New York
Martin Munkacsi; Fashion Institute of Technology;
New York, New York
2003 As It Happened: Photographs from the Gilman Paper
Company Collection; Metropolitan Museum of Art; New
York
Henri Cartier-Bresson’s Choice; Carte ́r-Bresson Foun-
dation; Paris
Frida Kahlo: Portraits of an Icon; Flint Institute of
Arts; Flint, Michigan
Selected Works
Soccer Player, Hungary, c. 1923
Car Racing, Europe, c. 1929
Summer Camp, near Bad-Kissingen, Germany, 1929
On the Beach, Germany, 1929
Madrid, 1930
Liberia, (also known asBlack Boys on the Shore of Tanga-
nyika) c. 1930
Das Deutsche Lichtbild, 1932
Having Fun at Breakfast, Berlin, c. 1933
Louis Brokaw, (Harper’s Bazaar), December, 1933
Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera, Mexico, 1934
Jumping A Puddle (Harper’s Bazaar), April, 1934
Katharine Hepburn standing by Howard Hughes’s plane
(Harper’s Bazaar), February, 1935
Fred Astaire, (Life), 1936
New York World’s Fair (Harper’s Bazaar), September,
1938
Roof Baby, New York, 1940
Further Reading
Beaton, Cecil, and Diane Buckland.The Magic Image: The
Genius of Photography from 1839 to the Present Day.
Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1975.
Coke, van Deren, Ute Eskildsen, and Bernd Lohse.Avant-
Garde Photography in Germany 1919–1939. San Fran-
cisco, California: San Francisco Museum of Modern
Art, 1980.
Gruber, Renate, and L. Fritz Gruber.The Imaginary Photo
Museum. Cologne: 1981. New York. Harmony Books, 1982.
Hall-Duncan, Nancy.The History of Fashion Photography.
Rochester, New York: International Museum of Photo-
graphy, 1977.
How America Lives. New York: Henry Holt, 1941.
Littman, Robert, Ralph Graves, and Doris C. O’Neill.Life:
The First Decade 1936–1945. New York 1979; London,
1980.
Martin Munkacsi: Retrospektive Fotographie. Bielefeld/
Dusseldorf: Edition Marzona, 1980.
Mellor, David, ed. Germany:The New Photography 1927–
33. London, 1978.
Morgan, Susan.Martin Munkacsi (An Aperture Mono-
graph). Millerton, New York: Aperture, 1992.
Munkacsi, Martin.Fool’s Apprentice. New York: Reader’s
Press, 1945.
Munkacsi, Martin.Nudes. New York: Greenberg, 1951.
Osman, Colin.Munkacsi: Spontaneity and Style. New York:
International Center of Photography, 1978.
Snow, Carmel, and May Louise Aswell.The World of Car-
mel Snow. New York: McGraw Hill, 1962.
Sullivan, Constance, ed.Nude Photographs 1850–1980. New
York: Harper and Row, 1980.
White, Nancy, and John Esten.Style In Motion: Munkacsi
Photographs of the ‘20s, ‘30s, and ‘40s. New York: Clark-
son N. Potter, 1979.MUSEUM FOLKWANG
The photography collection in the Museum Folk-
wang, Essen, Germany, is a division of the Museum
of Modern Art, and considered one of Germany’s
most important collections of photographs. Al-
though the collecting of photography has been
ongoing, in 1978 the photography collection of the
city of Essen was integrated into the museum, great-
ly expanding the number and scope of the holdings.
At the end of the century, the collection held
roughly 50,000 photographs, most of which are
vintage prints. Though it has a rich collection of
nineteenth century photographs, the main focus is
on the twentieth century. Areas of special empha-
sis include the photography of 1920s, photojourn-
alism of the 1950s and 1960s, the Subjective
Photography of Otto Steinert and his circle, and
international contemporary photography from the
1980s to the end of the century. The museum also
has strong thematic holdings in portraiture and
architectural photography. With its comprehensive
program of exhibitions and its collecting initia-
tives, the museum is unique in that it combines
an interest in historical archiving with the promo-
tion of the most up-to-date developments in con-
temporary photography. Two areas are important
to consider. One is the history of the holdingsMUNKACSI, MARTIN