photography holdings, and, when possible, the nota-
ble concentrations in the work of either specific per-
iods or individual photographers. This is intended as
a sketch, not an exhaustive account, of some of the
most significant photographic collections in the Uni-
ted States. For additional information, please refer
to the ‘‘Further Reading’’ section below as well as
separate entries on individual museums located else-
where in theEncyclopedia.
Art Institute of Chicago
Although its first photography exhibition occurred
in 1900, the AIC did not begin a permanent collec-
tion until 1949, prompted by Georgia O’Keeffe’s
gift of a substantial portion of the Alfred Stieglitz
Collection. The AIC would distinguish itself with
the purchase of the entire Julien Levy Collection,
making it a stronghold of early twentieth-century
American and European photography, as well as a
gift from Edward Weston of more than 200 photo-
graphs. Among its nearly 17,000 photographs,
works by Paul Strand, Euge`ne Atget, and Andre ́
Kerte ́sz are represented in depth.
http://www.artic.edu
Center for Creative Photography
Located at the University of Arizona, in Tucson, the
CCP functions as a museum and archive, claiming
more archives and individual works by North Amer-
ican photographers of the twentieth century than
any other museum. Such photographers as Ansel
Adams, Lola A ́lvarez Bravo, Richard Avedon,
Louise Dahl-Wolfe, W. Eugene Smith, and Edward
Weston number among the 180-plus archives housed
there. Supporting the archives is an art collection of
vintage prints by those listed above as well as Wynn
Bullock, Harry Callahan, Andreas Feininger, Aaron
Siskind, Frederick Sommer, Edward Steichen, and
Paul Strand.
http://www.library.arizona.edu/branches/ccp/home
J. Paul Getty Museum
The Department of Photographs was initiated in
1984 after one of the largest acquisitions in photo-
history. Acquiring the complete collections of Bruno
Bischoffberger of Zurich, Samuel Wagstaff of New
York, and Volker Kahmen/Georg Heusch located
near Bonn, Germany. In addition, the Getty pur-
chased large portions of the American and Eur-
opean collections of Arnold Crane and the early
French photographs collected by Andre ́ and
Marie-The ́re`se Jammes as well as a number of
more specialized private collections. All told, more
than 25,000 photographs, hundreds of daguerreo-
types, and albums holding thousands of mounted
photographic prints amounted to one of the finest
collections ever assembled. Ranging from some of
the earliest photographic experiments to the late
1960s, the collection has particular depth in the
work of the following photographers who practiced
their art in the twentieth century: Euge`ne Atget,
Manuel A ́lvarez Bravo, Bernd and Hilla Becher,
Hans Bellmer, Brassaı ̈,HarryCallahan,HenriCar-
tier-Bresson, Imogen Cunningham, Walker Evans, T.
Lux Feininger, Lewis Hine, Gertrude Ka ̈sebier,
Andre ́Ke ́rtesz, Yasuo Kuniyoshi, Man Ray, Lisette
Model, La ́szlo ́Moholoy-Nagy, Sigmar Polke, Albert
Renger-Patzsch, Alexandr Rodchenko, August San-
der, Aaron Siskind, W. Eugene Smith, Edward Stei-
chen,AlfredStieglitz,PaulStrand,DorisUlmann,
Weegee, Edward Weston, and Garry Winogrand.
http://www.getty.edu/museumInternational Center of Photography
The ICP was founded in 1974 in New York by Cor-
nell Capa, brother of Robert Capa who was known
for his intense and proximate views of the Spanish
Civil War and the World War II invasion on the
beaches of Normandy. Founded to support the legacy
of ‘‘concerned photography’’ and serving as both a
museum and a school, the ICP’s permanent collection
totals more than 60,000 photographs that span the
medium’s history. Documentary and human-interest
photography dominate the collection in the work of
such photographers as Berenice Abbott, Harry Call-
ahan, Capa, Henri Cartier-Bresson, Aaron Siskind,
and Weegee. Also of note is the 1990 gift of the Daniel
Cowin Collection of African American History and
the purchase of the AIDS Graphics collection in 2000.
TheICPhasalsocommitteditselftoemergingelec-
tronic imaging media as evidenced by the first trien-
nial of photography and video in 2003.
http://www.icp.orgInternational Museum of Photography and Film
at George Eastman House
Founded in 1949 with the arrival of Beaumont New-
hall. Holds major collections of work by Lewis
Hine, Alvin Langdon Coburn, Edward Steichen,
and others, including over 400,000 photographs
and negatives covering the landmark processes
from the technical evolution of the medium. Repre-
senting over 8,000 photographers, including most ofMUSEUMS: UNITED STATES