California (www.oac.cdlib.org). Further papers are
archived at the Marion Center Library at the Col-
lege of Santa Fe, New Mexico.
DIANAEdkinsSeealso:Adams, Ansel; Barr, Alfred; Bourke-White,
Margaret; Callahan, Harry; Cartier-Bresson, Henri;
Friends of Photography; History of Photography:
Twentieth-Century Developments; History of Photo-
graphy: Twentieth-Century Pioneers; Levitt, Helen;
Modernism; Moholy-Nagy, La ́szlo ́; Museum of
Modern Art; Porter, Eliot; Siskind, Aaron; Strand,
Paul; Weegee; Weston, Edward
Biography
Born in Lynn, Massachusetts, 1908. Attended Harvard
University and earned a B.A.cum laudein 1930 and
also from Harvard an M.A. in 1931. Studied at the
Institut d’art et d’Archeologie, University of Paris,
Courtauld Institute of Art, and the University of Lon-
don. Lecturer at the Philadelphia Art Museum in 1931.
An assistant in the Department of Decorative Arts at the
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Librarian at
the Museum of Modern Art, New York in 1935. In 1940,
became its first curator of photography and served as
curator from 1940 to 1942 and from 1945 to 1946. Dur-
ing World War II, Newhall was a major in the Air Force
and served as photographic interpreter in Egypt, North
Africa, and Italy. He then served as curator and director
of the Eastman House from 1948 to 1971. Throughout
his career, Newhall taught the history of photography
and photographic arts at such institutions as the Uni-
versity of Rochester, Rochester Institute of Technology,
State University of New York at Buffalo, as well as at
the Salzburg Seminar in American Studies, Austria. He
lectured all around the world. He became a professor at
the University of New Mexico in 1972 and was named
Professor Emeritus in 1984. He served as an honorary
trustee of the Eastman House until his death. Died Santa
Fe, New Mexico, February 26, 1993.Selected Works
Photography 1839–1937. Exh. cat. New York: Museum of
Modern Art, 1937.
Photography: A Short Critical History. (Revised edition of
Photography 1839–1937. New York: Museum of Mod-
ern Art, 1938.
The Photographs of Henri Cartier-Bresson. With Lincoln
Kirstein. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1947.
The History of Photography from 1839 to the Present Day.
New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1949. (Revised and
enlarged in 1964, 1971, 1978, and 1982); Japanese edi-
tion (same title) Tokyo: Hakuyosha, 1956; French edi-
tion :L’Histoire de la photographie depuis 1839 et jusqu’a
nos jours. (French edited by Andre Jammes). Paris:
Belier-Prisma, 1967; British edition (same title) London:
Secker & Warburg, 1982; German edition:Geschicte der
Photographie. Munich: Schirmer-Mosel, 1984.
Masters of Photography. With Nancy Newhall. New York:
George Braziller, 1958.
Latent Image: The Discovery of Photography. New York:
Doubleday, 1967. Italian edition:L’Immagine latente.
Bologna: Zanichelli, 1969.
Focus: Memoirs of a Life in Photography. Boston: A Bul-
finch Press Book, Little, Brown and Company, 1993.Further Reading
Beaumont Newhall, Colleagues and Friends. Exh. cat. Santa
Fe, NM: Museum of Fine Arts, Museum of New Mex-
ico, 1993.
New Documentary Photography, U.S.A. Exh. cat. Introduc-
tion by Nancy Howell-Koehler, essays by Beaumont
Newhall, William Messer, and Joseph Rodriguez, Cin-
cinnati, OH: Images, Inc., 1989.ARNOLD NEWMAN
American
With a professional career that has spanned more
than 66 years, Arnold Newman, called the ‘‘father of
the environmental portrait,’’ is known for memor-
able portraits of artists, statesmen, writers, and musi-
cians that render an unparalleled assemblage of
twentieth-century genius. During his prolific career,
Newman also photographed still lifes, experimented
with collages, and produced documentary studies of
rural African-Americans. His portraits of ordinary
people are less known; however, they display New-
man’s trademark connection between photographer
and subject, thesine qua nonof humanity that exists
without regard to financial or social station. Break-
ing with long-standing portrait conventions, New-
man incorporated a person’s living or working
spaces into the portraits, whether by object, symbol,NEWHALL, BEAUMONT