late 1990s. He joined the Camera Club of New
York in 1899 where he was an associate editor for
Camera Notes, and after co-founding the Seces-
sion, for that group’s publication,Camera Work,
where his pictures, mostly landscapes, were pub-
lished. He was one of the Americans elected to the
Linked Ring.
Little is known about the remaining three foun-
ders, Edmund Stirling, Dallett Fuguet, and John
Francis Strauss, aside from their appearances in the
pages ofCamera Work.
Alice Broughton (1885–1943) had studied paint-
ing in Europe around the turn of the century and
later was an assistant in Gertrude Ka ̈sebier’s studio
where she was introduced to the Photo-Secession
and its ideals, becoming associated with the group
in 1904 and elected a fellow in 1906. She specialized
in portraits and pictures of children, and experi-
mented with photographing nudes. She showed in
the first photographic exhibition held at the Little
Galleries of the Photo-Secession in 1905.
Annie W. Brigman (1869–1950) was born and
educated in Hawaii but her marriage to a sea captain
caused her relocation to California around the turn
of the century. She participated in the San Francisco
Salons of 1902 and 1903 and became known to
Alfred Stieglitz, with whom she later became
friendly. She continued successfully exhibiting her
nudes and allegorical studies, and was included in
various Photo-Secession exhibitions including the
first held at the Little Galleries in 1905, which
resulted in her being elected a fellow in 1906. Brig-
man was elected to the Linked Ring in 1909.
Harry Rubincam (1871–1940) was one of the
Secessionists who very early on leaned in the direc-
tion of ‘‘straight photography’’ well before the term
was coined, In the Circus, published in Camera
Workin 1907, shows not only the speed of a run-
ning horse, but the whole ambience of the circus.
William Boyd Post (1857–1925) was a New York
financier who joined Photo-Secession in 1902. After
moving to Maine in 1901, he photographed snow
landscapes, one of them published inCamera Work.
Robert Demachy (1859–1937) was a Parisian
banker of independent means who had wide-ran-
ging cultural interests. His wife was American,
and related to Franklin Delano Roosevelt, later
the U.S. president. In the field of photography,
Demachy was both practitioner and theoretician,
and was especially known for his work with the
gum bichromate and oil printing processes, the
latter of which he pioneered and developed with
Alfred Maskell. In 1894 he helped to found the
Photo Club de Paris and was a member of the
Linked Ring, and later, the Photo-Secession.
There are also other photographers more or less
associated with the Secessionist movement, includ-
ing a number who were published inCamera Work.
One of the best known was British photographer
Frederick H. Evans (1853–1943). His best known
photographs may seem, at first impression, as more
documentary than pictorial. His images of
churches and cathedrals show a rendition of the
stone works with full detail. However, this retired
bookseller seemed to see his photographs rather as
a means to show geometry and the symbolism of
the cathedral than as a documentary task.
Pierre Dubreuil (1872–1944) was born into a
wealthy mercantile family in Lille, France. He
began his career as a pictorial photographer and
joined the Photo-Club de Paris in 1896. In 1903 he
was elected to membership in the Linked Ring. His
work was well-known to Alfred Stieglitz, who
included it in an major Pictorialist exhibition for
the Albright Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York in- His work evolved from spontaneous naturalist
photographs to gum-portraits and later to Symbo-
list studies, and he was an important innovator of
the various printing processes favored by the Pic-
torialists, including the bromoil process and espe-
cially oil-printing processes. He moved to Brussels in
1918, where he became president of the Belgian
Association of Photography and turned thereafter
to a more modernist approach to photography.
Heinrich Ku ̈hn (1866–1944) was a member of the
Wiener Kamera Klub and was instrumental in per-
fecting and introducing gum printing.
Along with Robert Demachy, Constant Puyo
(1857–1933) is among the best known French
pictorial photographers. His work appeared in
Camera Work, as well as in many European pho-
tographic magazines.
Adolph de Meyer (1886–1946), a baron by mar-
riage, is famous for his 1920s fashion work for
Vogue. He was also published inCamera Work.
Frederick Holland Day (1864–1933), although
never a member of the Photo-Secession is associated
with the movement in that he was an early member
(1895) of the Linked Ring and a leader of the Amer-
ican Pictorialists, second only to Alfred Stieglitz. In
1891 he was instrumental in the loose association of
artists, writers, and poets known as the Boston
Bohemians who had traveled and lived in Europe
and were interested in introducing the Decadent
movement philosophy of ‘‘art for art’s sake’’ to the
United States. This philosophy was an important
component of Pictorialism that also informed the
Photo-Secession’s ideals. He was the organizer and
main exhibitor of the important exhibition ‘‘The
New School of American Photography,’’ which
PHOTO-SECESSIONISTS