Further Reading
Bailey, David A., and Stuart Hall, eds.Ten.8—Critical
Decade: Black British Photography in the 80’s, 3, no. 3
(1992).
Bianchi, Paolo. ‘‘Bruchlinien – Kunst uas Afrika.’’Kunst-
forum International, no. 166 (August/October 2003).
Boffin, Tess and Sunil Gupta, editors,Ecstatic Antibodies:
Resisting the AIDS Mythology, London: Rivers Oram
Press, 1990.
Bright, Deborah, ed.The Passionate Camera: Photography
and Bodies of Desire. London: Routledge, 1998.
Doy, Gen. BlackVisual Culture: modernity and postmoder-
nity. London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2000.
‘‘Exposure.’’British Journal of Photography132 (January
11, 1985).
Fani-Kayode, Rotimi.Communion. London: Autograph,
1996.
Fani-Kayode, Rotimi.Black Male/White Male. London:
Gay Men’s Press, 1987.
Fani-Kayode, Rotimi. ‘‘Traces of Ecstasy.’’Ten-8, no. 28
(1988).
Hall, Charles. ‘‘198 Gallery, London.’’Arts Review, 43,
(January 25, 1991).
Hall, Stuart, and Mark Sealy.Different. London: Phaidon
Press, 2001.
Mercer, Kobena.Welcome to the jungle: new positions in
Black cultural studies. New York: Routledge, 1994.
Mercer, Kobena. ‘‘Mortal Coil: Eros and Diaspora in the
Photographs of Rotimi Fani-Kayode.’’ InOverExposed:
Essays on Contemporary Photography. Carol Squires, ed.
New Press: New York, 1999.
Oguibe, Olu. ‘‘A Man Without: Tribute to the Photogra-
pher Rotimi Fani-Kayode.’’ West Africa, (July 15,
1991).
Oguibe, Olu. ‘‘Finding a place: Nigerian artists in the con-
temporary art world.’’Art Journal, 58, no. 2 (Summer
1999).
Pollack, Barbara. ‘‘The Newest Avant-Garde.’’ArtNews
(April 2001).Rotimi Fani-Kayode, Photographer (1955–
1989): Retrospective. London: 198 Gallery, 1990.
Sealy, Mark, and Jean Loup Pivin, eds.Rotimi Fani-Kayode
and Alex Hirst. Paris: Editions Revue Noire, 1997.
Tawadros, Gilane, and Sarah Campbell.Fault Lines: Con-
temporary African Art and Shifting Landscapes. London:
inIVA Books, 2003.
Zaya, Octavio. ‘‘On Three Counts I Am an Outsider: The
Work of Rotimi Fani-Kayode.’’NKA: Journal of Con-
temporary African Art, no. 4, (Summer 1996).FARM SECURITY ADMINISTRATION
The Farm Security Administration (FSA) was the
eventual name given to a series of programs
designed as a part of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s
‘‘New Deal’’ that were meant to bring relief to
struggling farmers during the years of the depres-
sion. Its existence is important to photography
because of the founding of its Historical Section.
This section advocated a photographic document-
ing of both the administration’s work as well as the
rural areas of America that the programs were
supposed to aid. During its ten-year existence, the
Farm Security Administration’s Historical Section
under Roy Stryker helped to both provide work to
out-of-work photographers and solidify the careers
of a number of the leading American photogra-
phers of the era, including Esther Bubley, John
Collier, Jack Delano, Fred Driscoll, Walker
Evans, Dorothea Lange, Russell Lee, Carl
Mydans, Gordon Parks, Arthur Rothstein, John
Vachon, Marion Post Wolcott, as well as mural-
ist/photographer Ben Shahn.
The beginning years of the 1930s saw an increase
in poverty affecting America’s rural populations,
including a rise in sharecropping. The economic
devastation, known as The Great Depression called
for decisive government action. Elected president in
1933, Roosevelt established a series of programs de-
signed to boost America’s sluggish economy and
help those suffering in America’s farmlands. Termed
the New Deal, Roosevelt’s programs offered jobs to
those suffering from unemployment, as well as relief
for farmers. The Agricultural Adjustment Adminis-
tration (AAA) was Roosevelt’s first attempt to bring
aid to farmers, though it did little to help smaller
farmers and sharecroppers. In 1935, Roosevelt cre-
ated the broader Resettlement Administration (RA)
headed by Rexford G. Tugwell, Columbia Univer-
sity economics professor and part of Roosevelt’s
‘‘brain trust,’’ whose mission, among others, was to
document the agency’s work through photography.
Tugwell chose as the head of this Historical Section
his former student, Roy Stryker.FARM SECURITY ADMINISTRATION