13.31 Dress codes and performance:
Source df SS MS F
Code 1 494.290 494.290 2.166
Error 1 12 2737.280 228.107
School(Code) 12 2737.280 288.107 2.784*
Error 2 126 10323.08 81.931
Total 39 13554.65
- p,.05
The Ffor Code is not significant, but the Ffor the
nested effect is. Notice that the two Fvalues are not all
that far apart, but their pvalues are very different. The
reason for this is that we only have 12 dffor error to test
Code, but 126 dffor error to test School(Code).13.33 Analysis of Seligman et al. (1990)
If we think that males are generally more optimistic
than females, then the sample sizes themselves are part
of the “treatment” effect. We probably would not want
to ignore that if we are looking at sex as an independent
variable. In fact, the lack of independence between sam-
ple size and the effect under study is an important prob-
lem when it occurs.13.35 This question does not have a fixed answer.
Chapter 14
14.1 (a) or
(b)Source df SS MS F
Subjects 7 189,666.66
Within subj 16 5266.67
Test session 2 1808.33 904.17 3.66 ns
Error 14 3458.33 247.02
Total 23 194,933.33
(c) There is no significant difference among the session
means—scores don’t increase as a function of
experience.14.3
Source df SS MS F
Between subj 19 106.475
Groups 1 1.125 1.125 0.19
Ss w in Grps 18 105.250 5.847
Within subj 20 83.500
Phase 1 38.025 38.025 15.26*
P 3 G 1 0.625 0.625 0.25
P 3 Ss
w in Grps 18 44.850 2.492
Total 39 189.975
*p,.05 [F.05(1, 18) 5 4.41]
>>Xij=m1pi1tj 1 eijXij=m1pi1tj1ptij 1 eijThere is a significant change from baseline to training,
but it does not occur differentially between the two
groups, and there are no overall differences between the
groups.
14.5
Source df SS MS F
Between subj 29 159.7333
Groups 2 11.4333 5.7166 1.04
Ss w in Grps 27 148.3000 5.4926
Within subj 30 95.0000
Phase 1 19.2667 19.2667 9.44*
P 3 G 2 20.6333 10.3165 5.06*
P 3 Ss w in Grps 27 55.1000 2.0407
Total 59 254.733(b) SSitems at adult good 5 4.133; F 5 3.52*14.7 For the data in Exercise 14.6:
(a) Variance-covariance matrices:(b)=
1.863
2.406
=0.771=91 1.833 2 1.378 22
23 18.75 261 5.772 2191 1.378 224eN =b^21 sjj (^2) s 22
1 b 2 1)Aas^2 jk 22 basj^21 b^2 s^2 B
as
j^2 =1.550^21 1.167^2 1.417^2 =18.750
as
(^2) jk=2.00 (^21) Á 1 2.15 (^2) =18.750
s=
2.00 1 Á 1 2.15
9
=1.378
sjj=
2.00 1 1.35 1 2.15
3
=1.833
eN
a
N
between=C
0.18 0.36 1.38
0.36 0.72 2.76
1.38 2.76 10.58
S
a
N
pooled
=C
2.00 1.35 1.30
1.35 1.35 0.80
1.30 0.80 2.15
S
1.550
1.167
1.417
(^) sj
a
N
non-owners=C
2.70 1.20 1.85
1.20 0.70 0.60
1.85 0.60 3.30
S
a
N
owners=C
1.30 1.50 0.75
1.50 2.00 1.00
0.75 1.00 1.00
S
748 Answers