Statistical Methods for Psychology

FFstatistic

FWFamilywise error rate

GMGrand mean

HKruskal–Wallis statistic

Null hypothesis; alternative hypothesis

lnNatural logarithm

MSMean square

Number of cases in a sample

NTotal sample size

N(0, 1)Read “normally distributed with m 5 0 and s^25 1”

p General symbol for probability; in binomial, probability of success

qStudentized range statistic; probability of failure

Correlation coefficient

Fisher’s transformation of r

Biserial, point-biserial, and tetrachoric correlation coefficient

Spearman’s correlation coefficient

Multiple correlation coefficient

Partial correlation coefficient

Semipartial correlation coefficient

Population correlation coefficient

R^2 using predictors associated with variables A,B,and the AB interaction

Standard deviation

Standard deviation of difference scores

Pooled sample variance

; Standard error of mean; standard error of mean differences

Standard error of estimate

Variance of X

Sum of squares of variable A

Interaction sum of squares

Error sum of squares

Sum of squares due to regression

Sum of squares residual (not accounted for by regression)

tStudent’s tstatistic

tstatistic with heterogeneous variances

tdDunnett’s tstatistic

TWilcoxon’s matched-pairs signed-ranks statistic

WKendall’s coefficient of concordance

WrCritical width for range tests

WSWilcoxon’s rank-sum statistic

Sample mean

Harmonic mean

Predicted value of Y

zNormal deviate (also called a standard score)

YN, YNi

Xh

X, X 1

t¿

SSresidual

SSregression

SSerror

SSAB

SSA

s^2 X

sY#X

sX sX 12 X 2

s^2 p

sD

s, sX

Ra,b,ab

R, R0.123

r0(1.234)

01.234

R, R0.1234

rS

rb; rpb; rt

r¿

r, rXY

n, ni, Ni

H 0 ; H 1