EO 13101, Greening the Government through
Waste Prevention, Recycling, and Federal Acquisi-
tion, September 1998, expanded requirements of ear-
lier EOs, requiring that the head of each executive
agency incorporate waste prevention and recycling
in the agency’s daily operations and work to increase
and expand markets for recovered materials through
greater federal government preference and demand
for such products. EO 13123, Greening the Govern-
ment through Efficient Energy Management, June
1999, focused on energy conservation, mandating that
the “The Federal Government, as the Nation’s larg-
est energy consumer, significantly improve its energy
management to save taxpayer dollars and reduce
emissions that contribute to air pollution and global
climate change.” EO 13123 set energy reduction and
greenhouse gas reduction goals and required that
sustainable design principles be applied to the siting,
design, and construction of all new federal facilities.
Responding to the Executive Orders, Deputy As-
sistant Secretary of the Army Paul W. Johnson estab-
lished initial Army policy regarding sustainable de-
sign and development in (OASA [I&E] 2000). In his
policy memorandum, he defined sustainable design
and development as “the systematic consideration
of current and future impacts of an activity, product
or decision on the environment, energy use, natural
resources, the economy and quality of life” and went
on to state that “It is Army policy that the concept
and principles of Sustainable Design and Develop-
ment shall be incorporated into installation planning
and infrastructure projects.” He required that the
“Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management
(ACSIM) develop implementing policy and that the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) provide tech-
nical guidance to support that initiative,” stating that
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