the lesson on the blackboard, listing the sub-topics to be covered. As the lesson
progressed, the students contributed by filling-in the experiment results. The
teacher concluded the lesson by summarizing the activities, incorporating
students’ opinions. This enabled the students to see the progress of the lesson
and to connect the various activities they were engaged in. The lesson was
conducted with students’ active participation, and was organized in the
manner that students’ contributions were part of the process.
Furthermore, the researchers observed that the teachers, recognizing that
creating a positive environment is vital in promoting effective learning,
communicated with their students using polite expressions, instead of in
an instructive manner. The students also employed positive expressions,
encouraging and respecting others. The teachers thus served as models on
how to speak to others.
The teachers’ survey results revealed that in the 2008 New Courses of Study
more interactive teaching methods are required, supporting current trends
towards students-centred teaching and learning, moving away from teacher-
centred teaching and learning. This reflects the change in thinking regarding
the teachers’ role in the classroom. Today, it is expected that the role of the
teacher is to be a facilitator to bring out the students’ talents, rather than an
instructor providing information.
Strengthening commitment of the local community
The 2008 New Courses of Study promotes close collaboration with local
communities. The Community School system, which began in 2005, has
played an important role in school management by reflecting the voices
of community members (local people and parents). Through the school
board of governors, parents and community representatives participate
in planning, implementing and evaluating school policies and activities.
A school management committee consists of the school principal, parents,
representatives from the community and the board of education. They mainly
discuss policies for school management and appointments of teachers.
The system enables parents and the community to have their voices heard
with regard to school management. Although parents and community
members do not have direct influence on teaching methods, they can
contribute to improving the learning environment. For example, parents
have been involved in introducing after-school reading sessions, supporting
the introduction of information and communication technology (ICT ) in
classes, and strengthening the community’s disaster-prevention activities.