screening behaviour 22, 25, 26, 340
breast 218
cervical 218
SCT, see social cognition theory
seat belts 14
secondary appraisal 238, 242
secondary prevention 212, 229
secretory immunoglobulin 261
sedentary lifestyle 15, 266, 372
SEIQoL, see Schedule for Evaluating
Individual Quality of Life
selective inattention 240
self-assurance 190
self-attribution 299
self-awareness 341
self-blame 335
self-confidence 172, 368
self-control 157, 159, 172, 240–1,
271, 298–300, 304, 368
self-distraction 271
self-efficacy 9, 27, 28, 30, 35,
114 – 16, 126, 145, 156–7, 172,
178, 198–9, 220, 241, 278,
282, 290, 293, 295, 299, 318
self-enhancement 67, 68, 342
self-esteem 68, 69, 112, 145, 158,
172, 191, 262, 295, 346, 354,
355, 387
Self-esteem Inventory 387
Self-esteem Scale 387, 392
self-harm 102
self-help 229– 30
self-help cessation movements 120
self-hypnosis 68
self-identity 9, 38, 267, 303
self-image 64, 65, 109, 127, 177,
303, 355
self-management 117, 118– 19
self-monitoring 119, 127, 153, 366
self-prediction 40, 180
self-punishment 119
self-regulatory model of illness
cognitions 47, 53–5, 70– 2
self-reports 160, 236, 303, 335, 391
self-reward 119, 365
self-sacrifice 335
self-talk 378
self-worth 343
Selye model of stress, see general
adaptation syndrome model
sensitivity 214
sensory information 83
separation 266, 267
seriousness (severity) 24–30, 34, 51,
56, 63, 71, 78, 90, 218, 331,
340, 372
seroconversion 330
serological marker 262
serotonergic pathway 369
serotonin 129
SES, see socio-economic status
SEU theory, see subjective expected
utility theory
SEU, see subjective expected utility
theory
severity 197, 199; see also seriousness
sex 71, 157, 183–209, 389
as interaction 186, 201
as risk to health 185–6, 194– 201
for pleasure 184, 186
non-penetrative 194, 195
reproductive function of 184
safe 27, 38, 185–207, 331, 333,
334
social construction of 207
spontaneity of 194
sexual behaviour 5, 16, 28–30, 41
sexual behaviour sequence model
191 – 2
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
41, 183, 186, 194– 201
shock 61
siblings 198, 206
sibutramine 369
sick role 14, 295
sickle-cell anaemia 223, 297
sickness absence 384
Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) 56, 375
side effects 68, 78, 221, 313, 369
sigmoidoscopy 215
SIP, see Sickness Impact Profile
situational factors 201– 7
skills training 127, 205, 299
skin cancer, see cancer, skin
skin conductance 246– 7
skin rashes 313
skin temperature 246–7, 304
sleep 14, 19, 265, 386
disorders 300, 301
sleeplessness 343
smallpox 14
smoke holding 118
smokers 100–1, 181, 318; see also
smoking
definition 124
relapsed 158
smoking 18–31, 99– 131
bans 122– 4
benefits 340
cessation 380
children and 111
disease perspectives on cessation
116 – 17
focused 118
gender differences in 128
health implications 101– 2
heart disease and 372, 376, 378
initiation and maintenance 110– 12
passive 102, 121
positive effects 102
promotion of cessation 116– 30
relapse 254
relationship with heart disease 377,
373
relationship with stress 254–6,
258
social learning perspectives on
cessation 117– 19
social activities 389
social class; see class
social cognition models 9, 13, 24,
31 – 7, 41–3, 143–4, 178–9, 183,
194, 197–200, 207, 398
social cognitions 31, 198
social cognition theory (SCT) 8, 31,
145
social companionship 273
social comparison theory 68, 274
social constructionism 399
social contact 172
social context 96, 190, 199–200,
204, 399
social desirability 335
social environment 59, 60
INDEX 471