The dots 2 and 5 which are in the middle of the Braille cell are used for the line of the arrow
and the arrow heads are used by other characters of the Braille cell. For example, the left
arrow head is indicated by reverse “o”, that is dots 2,4,and 6 whereas the right arrow head
is indicated by the letter “o”, that is dots 1,3,and 5. See that they are opposite to each
other. Therefore, the right arrow and left arrow are indicated in Braille in the following
ways.
In the case of arrows pointing up and down, the shape of the arrow remains the same but
the direction of the arrow changes. For indicating down, dots 1, 4, and 6 are inserted in
the cell preceding the arrow and for indicating the arrow up, the symbol is preceded by
dots 1, 2 and 6. Therefore, the symbol for directly over is dots 1, 2 and 6. This is not only
applicable to the arrows but for all applications. For example, in the integral sign −∫ , the
bar over the integral sign indicates directly over and therefore, it should be written as
Similar application is needed in writing expressions such as lim, lim, etc. The dots 1, 2,
and 6 are also used as inner radical of a radical operation. For example in the operation
(^35) x+ 8 , the is the radical sign and the 3 is in the inner radical. In order to indicate
that 3 is in the inner radical, dots 1, 2 and 6 are used before the number, and then the
number followed by the radical sign. Therefore, the above operation is written as
Please see that there is no need to use the numeral sign before the number 3 and the
insertion of the inner radical sign itself indicates that it is a non-literary operation and the
learner will understand that inner radical sign is a part of mathematical code and therefore,
the dots 2 and 5 indicate the number 3. As this is an operation that should be completed
before proceeding further, the termination indicator needs to be used.
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