Final Cover - For Printing

lim - lower limit

X

∫

Base Code 19 : Dots 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 - Mirror image of (q)
Termination Indicator ( )

As Braille writing in mathematics involves many types of codes such as literary, numerals,
symbols, operations, etc., the student should understand that the mathematical operation
is over before proceeding with literary codes. For example, every mathematical operation
starts with an indicator. In fraction, the fraction opening indicator is placed before the
fraction and followed by fraction closing indicator. Similarly, an open parenthesis which
precedes the number is always closed by the closed parenthesis at the end of the
operation. Therefore, the open and closed operations occur in pairs. However, there are
some operations and indicators such as shape and structural modifiers, which have to be
closed after the function is over. Therefore, the learner who starts with the indicator to
change the meaning of the Braille display should also know that the function is terminated
before proceeding further. On such occasions, the termination indicator is used. It is
indicated by the reverse “q”, which means dots 1,2, 4, 5 and 6.

Scalene Triangle

Base code 20 : Dots 2, 4 and 6 - Mirror image of (o)
Left Arrow Head or Angle
The reverse (o) is indicated by dots 2, 4 and 6 and this is used as the left arrow head of an
arrow. In geometry, it indicates the angle. See that the mathematical Braille symbol
resembles the visual sign too.

Left arrow head / angle

••..

.•

-.
-.
-.

.•

• ...

••..

-.
••..
••

••..

.•

••

••.

• ••..
  .•

.•

-.
••

••

• 
  

  ..

  
  

.•

••

-.

.•

..

.•

.•

-.
-.

••

••.

.•

• 
  

  ..