Summary of Reactions 721
- Reactions of carboxylic acids (Section 17.14)
- Reactions of amides (Sections 17.15 and 17.16)
- Gabriel synthesis of primary amines (Section 17.17)
- Hydrolysis of nitriles (Section 17.18)
- Activation of carboxylic acids by chemists (Section 17.20)
- Activation of carboxylic acids by cells (Section 17.20)
−
+ +
enzyme
RO
OO
C
RO
O
C
O−
P
O−−O
O
O−
P
O
O
O−
P
Ad
O
O−
P
−O O
O
O−
P
O
O
O−
P
Ad
O
O
O−
P
RO
OO
C
O−
P
O−−O
O
O−
P
Ad
O
O−
P
−O O
O
O−
P
O
O
O−
P
RO Ad
O
C
−
+ +
enzyme
+ SOCl 2 +
∆
SO 2 + HCl
+ PCl 3 +
P 2 O 5
H 3 PO 3
∆
OH Cl
Cl
OR
OH
OH
O
R
C
O
R
C
O
R
C
O
R
C
O
C
O
R
33 C
2
O
R
C
+
HCl +
RC N + H 2 O ∆ OH NH 4
O
R
C
RCH 2 Br RCH 2 NH 2
- phthalimide, HO−
- HCl, H 2 O, ∆
- HO−
+ H 2 O +
HCl +
∆
NH 4
RC N
P 2 O 5
∆
NH 2 OH
NH 2
O
R
C
O
R
C
O
R
C
OH
OH OCH 3
O− H 3 NCH 3
+ CH 3 OH +
HCl
H 2 O
+ CH 3 NH 2 +
O
R
C
O
R
C
O
R
C
O
R
C
