Geburah, Hesed, Tipareth, Hod, Netzach, Hod, and Yesod. Like the Tree, the Ennea-
gram is a symbol that may be recoded in diverse ways, including that of a zodiac, the
planets, and the correspondences belonging to them. As such, it represents the relation-
ship between macrocosm and microcosm. Gurdjieff urged his pupils to experience the
functioning of these cosmic laws in everyday life and also in their inner world: “Inside us
we also have a moon, a sun and so on. We are a whole system. If you know what your
moon is and does, you can understand the whole system.” Gurdjieff referred to the
Enneagram as a moving symbol and expressed this motion through his sacred dances.The Enneagram of Personality Types
The Enneagram of Personality Types is an aspect of Gurdjieff ’s teaching that
has achieved a popular form and is continuing to develop its own set of teachings.
Enneagram of Personality publications usually give secret Sufi origins for the Ennea-
gram. This appropriation of the Enneagram stems from the Sufi Idries Shah, who con-
vinced the Gurdjieff teacher J. G. Bennett of its truth. Although there is no record of
any direct evidence offered for this view, the mythology of Sufi origins is now well
established.In The Theory of Celestial Influence: Man the Universe and Cosmic Mystery
(1954), Rodney Collin, who learned about the Enneagram from Gurdjieff ’s pupil P. D.
Ouspensky, reintroduced Gurdjieff ’s cosmic laws in his own synthesis that makes evi-
dent their zodiacal and astrological foundations. His Enneagram of planets, related to
planetary types of people, provides the link between Gurdjieff ’s Enneagram and the
Enneagram of Personality, which developed from the teaching of Oscar Ichazo at his
Arica Institute in Chile. In 1970, Claudio Naranjo, psychiatrist researching personali-
ty typology, together with others from the Esalen Institute in California, took Ichazo’s
course. Kathleen Riordan Speeth and Robert (Bob) Ochs were pupils in the group
that Naranjo taught on his return to the United States. Ochs, a Jesuit with a Ph.D. in
theology from the Institut Catholique of Paris, adapted the Enneagram types into “the
nine faces of God.” He taught this version of the Enneagram at Loyola University in
Chicago and also at the Graduate Theological Union of the University of California
at Berkeley. These classes are the direct origin of the introduction of the Enneagram
into Jesuit retreats, which, in turn, lead to the publication of Don Riso’s Personality
Types: Using the Enneagram for Self Discovery(1987) and also influenced Helen
Palmer’s The Enneagram: Understanding Yourself and the Others in Your Life(1988).Gurdjieff’s Texts and Zodiacal Structure
Gurdjieff used the structure of the zodiac in his writings. For example, Beelze-
bub’s Tales to His Grandsonhas 48 chapters, four in each sign of the zodiac, while Meet-
ings with Remarkable Menis structured as a zodiac, in which the 11 remarkable men
and one woman are personifications of the 12 zodiacal signs. In Tales,the journey
through the zodiac is in accordance with the flow of time, from Aries to Pisces, and
thus involutionary, like the involutionary flow of the Ray of Creation. The zodiac in
Meetingsis evolutionary in that it moves backwards against the flow of time from
Aquarius to Pisces.Gurdjieff, George Ivanovitch
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