Spanish: An Essential Grammar

-ar -er -ir

Present indicative vos cantás vos comés vos vivís

Note also vos sos‘you are’.

Vosimperatives

See 19.1.2.

Vosin present subjunctive

Some speakers also use special vosforms in the present subjunctive. These

are formed for all conjugations by deleting the unstressed iof the vosotros

subjunctive form: cantéis> cantés:

-ar -er -ir

Present subjunctive vos cantés vos comás vos vivás

Vosin future tense

Less widely accepted is the use of special vosforms in the future tense:

-ar -er -ir

Future vos cantarés vos comerés vos vivirés

Other vosverb forms

In some areas of Latin America, e.g. parts of Venezuela together with

northern Chile and Bolivia, the vos forms in the speech of some speakers

tend to be identical to the equivalent vosotrosforms, e.g. vos cantáis, vos

cantabais, para que vos comáis, although the final -sis often unpro-

nounced. In the imperative the usual d-less ending is retained.

When this pattern prevails the ending -éis, both in the -erpresent indicative

and in the future tense of all threeconjugations, is often replaced by -ís, e.g.

vos comís (instead of vos coméis), vos cantarís (instead of vos cantaréis).

30.2.1.5

30.2.1.4

30.2.1.3

30.2.1.2

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2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1011

1

12111

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

20111

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

30111

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

40

41111

30

Differences
between
Latin
American and
Peninsular
Spanish

308