The Economist March 12th 2022 35
China
China’seconomy
Shaking the money tree
T
he chinesepeople have the “courage,
vision and strength to overcome any
obstacle”, said Li Keqiang, the country’s
prime minister (pictured), on March 5th in
his annual speech to the National People’s
Congress, China’s rubberstamp parlia
ment. Even so, not all of them will have the
fortitude to digest his full report on the
work of the government, which runs to
more than 12,000 words in translation. For
their benefit, the government has distilled
its message into a 150second rap video.
The film features three animated char
acters: a woman in Sichuan province, who
sells tasty noodles for 13 yuan ($2); a “hand
some” southern entrepreneur who em
ploys 200 people in a factory making elec
tric toothbrushes; and a raspy farmer from
the snowy northeast whose clever son us
es a drone to spray the crops. All three
were, the rap maintains, eager to discover
what Mr Li’s report had in store for them.
China’s farmers in the northeast and
elsewhere will draw comfort from the re
port’s emphasis on food security. That con
cern has been intensified by the pandemic,
last year’s floods, which delayed the plant
ing of wheat, and now the war between
Russia and Ukraine, which otherwise
passed unmentioned in the report. (Soon
after the war began, China dropped import
barriers for Russian wheat.) “The Chinese
people must hold their rice bowls firmly in
their own hands,” said Tang Renjian, the
minister of agriculture.
Food is not the only thing China wants
to keep a close grip on. The same emphasis
on security extended to energy and indus
try. Mr Li promised to help leading firms
play their role in “safeguarding the stabili
ty and security of industrial supply
chains”. That includes encouraging home
grown production of semiconductors.
Huawei, for example, has invested in doz
ens of firms in the chipmaking supply
chain, according to the Wall Street Journal,
since America barred it from buying chips
made with American equipment.
The government is also keen to avoid a
repeat of last year’s energy shortages. Mr Li
did not announce a hard target for reduc
ing the economy’s energy intensity this
year, noting merely that consumption per
unit of gdpwould be kept in line with the
country’s fiveyear plan. That may further
delay China’s decarbonisation efforts. Coal
production is on the rise and the govern
ment says cleaner sources of energy must
be in place before it decommissions dirtier
plants (what it calls “establishing the new
before abolishing the old”).
Small businesses, whether they make
noodles or toothbrushes, will also have
found some solace in the report. Mr Li not
ed that the pandemic had “severely affect
ed” firms in catering, hospitality, retail,
tourism and passenger transport. He an
nounced an unusually large cut in taxes
and fees for smaller firms and manufactur
ing enterprises. Corporate income tax for
smaller firms will be lowered to just 5%
and valueadded tax will be eased for ma
ny. In total, these cuts may amount to
2.5trn yuan or about 2% of China’s expect
ed gdpin 2021. This will “help strongly
boost market confidence”, Mr Li argued.
H ONG KONG
To meet its ambitious growth target, China turns to stealthy stimulus
→Alsointhissection
36 ChinesesupportforUkraine
36 Reassessingthezero-covidpolicy
37 A clampdownonfoodwaste
38 Chaguan: Xi’s bet on Putin