QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 533Put in the given values of ñ and iV 0 to compute the fraction of the initial sample
that constitutes one standard deviation. Since the original sample was assumed to
be one gram, you can regard the answer as being expressed in grams. The use
Chebyshev's inequality to estimate the probability that the amount of the sample
remaining will differ from the theoretically predicted amount by 1 millionth of a
gram (1 microgram, that is, 10~^6 grams)? [Hint: How many standard deviations
is one millionth of a gram?]
18.6. Analyze the revised probabilities in the problem of two drawers, one contain-
ing two gold coins, the other a gold and a silver coin, given an experiment in which
event  occurs, if  is the event, "a silver coin is drawn."
18.7. Consider the case of 200 men and 200 women applying to a university con-
sisting of only two different departments, and assume that the acceptance rates are
given by the following table.
Men Women
Department A 120/160 32/40
Department  8/40 40/160Observe that the admission rate for men in department A is |, while that for women
is I. In department  the admission rate for men is g and for women it is . In both
cases, the people actually making the decisions are admitting a higher proportion
of women than of men. Now explain the source of the bias, in our example and at
Berkeley in simple, nonmathematical language.