Electron carrier molecules, 88–89
Electron microscopes, 58–60
Electron transport chain, 95–96
Electrons, 25
Electrophoresis, 133, 135, 213
Elements. SeeChemical elements of micro-
organisms
ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay),
228
Embden-Meyerhof pathway, 93
Endemic disease, 198
Endergonic reaction, 88
Endocytosis, 76–77, 81
Endospores, 2, 64
Entamoeba histolytica,175–176
Enterobacteria, 156–157
Enterobius vermicularis, 182
Envelope, 186
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),
228
Enzymes, 35
coenzymes, 90
functions of, 90–91
inactive and active, 90
naming and classifying, 89–90
pH, 91
substrate concentration, 91–92
Epidemic disease, 198–199
Epidemiology and disease
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC), 207
control of communicable diseases, 205–206
disease classification, 198–199
disease development, 203–204
disease transmission
contact transmission, 201
introduction, 201
vector transmission, 202–203
vehicle transmission, 201–202
epidemiology, 197–198, 204–205
infection sites
animal reservoirs, 200human reservoirs, 199–200
nonliving reservoirs, 200–201
nosocomial infections, 206–207
Epitopes, 214
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), 192
Erogosterol, 236
Erwinia, 157
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, 164
Erythromycin, 236
Escherichia coli (E. coli),6, 61, 96, 104, 125,
146, 156–157
Ethambutol, 239
Ethanol, 97
Etiology, definition of, 197
Eukaryotic organisms
algae. SeeAlgae
cells of
cell wall, 79–80
centriole, 83
chloroplast, 82–83
cytoplasm, 81
endoplasmic reticulum, 81–82
Golgi complex, 82
introduction, 78–79
lysosome, 82
mitochondrion, 82
nucleus, 81
plasma membrane, 80–81
prokaryotic cells, differences from, 69
fungi. SeeFungi
helminths. SeeHelminths
protozoa. SeeProtozoa
Exchange reaction, 34
Exocytosis, 76–77, 175F
Facilitated diffusion, 75
Facultative anaerobes, 104
Family, 144–145
Fermentation, 92, 97
Filoviruses, 192
Fimbriae, 71INDEX^275
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