solubility 56–57, 87–88
equilibria 59
product 59, 87
solute
detection 134, 145–148, 162,
180–181
migration and retention 121–122
solutions
ideal 57
standard 82
solvate 55–56
solvent effects 229
solvent front 132
solvents 55–56
delivery system 157–158
extraction 109–115
ionizing (polar) and non-
ionizing 55
sorption 120, 122–124
spectrometric techniques 5,
286–287
spiking 46, 129
spin, nuclear and electronic 248,
251
spin–spin coupling 256–257
standard deviation
estimated 29, 51
experimental 28
pooled 30
population 28
precision 27–29
relative 30
standard hydrogen electrode
(SHE) 63–64
standard reference material (SRM)
16
standards
addition 16, 46, 47, 130, 154, 173
chemical 16
external 15, 154, 173
internal 13, 15, 47, 130, 154
primary 16, 82
secondary 16
stationary phase 120, 132–133,
141–145, 158–159
statistical tests 35–38
storage modulus 317
structural analysis 1, 242
supporting medium,
electrophoresis and
electrochromatography 177
suppressor cartridge 169
surface adsorption 138
t-test 37–38
T1, triplet state 225
tailing and fronting 126
techniques, hyphenated (combined
approach) 283–284
temperature
calibration 308
control 145
programming 149–151
testing, collaborative 50–52
tetramethylsilane (TMS) 252–253
thermal analysis 305–306
thermal conductivity detector
(TCD) 146
thermal decomposition 309
thermal desorption 141, 151
thermobalance 308
thermogravimetry, thermal
analysis 305–306
thermomechanical analysis (TMA)
317
thermomicroscopy 321
thermospray 274
thin-layer chromatography (TLC)
120
applications 135–136
chromogenic reagent 134
distribution ratios 131
efficiency 132
high performance plates 135
principles and procedures
131–132
qualitative analysis 135–136
quantitative analysis 136
resolution 132
silica 133
solvent front 132
two-dimensional 134–135
titrand 80
titrations
error 82
potentiometric 84
see alsotitrimetry
titrimetry
acid–base titrations 80–84
complexation, precipitation and
redox titrations 90–94
total ion current (TIC) 295
total ionic strength adjustment
buffer (TISAB) 72–73
transitions 195
transmittance 198
trueness 27
two-tailed test 35
UV spectrometry 129
UV-visible absorbance detector
162
variance 30
viscoelasticity 316
voltammetry and amperometry
98–103
volumetric analysis 80
warning levels 49
warning lines 49
wavelength 190
wavenumber 190
weighing (gravimetry) 97
working electrode 98
X-chart 49
X-ray emission spectrometry
214–217
X-ray fluorescence 214
Young’s modulus 316
z-scores 51
111
0111
0111
0111
0111
0
111
342 Index
