1. MedievWorld1_fm_4pp.qxd

them from the secondary studies. The reader is encour-

aged to follow the references internal to entries and

marked by small capitals. Both those and the citations in

the further reading lists greatly enrich and contextualize

the subject of the entry.

There is little overlap with the comprehensive

lists in the bibliography. The only abbreviation used

frequently in the further reading sections is that of the

Encyclopaedia of Islam(new ed. 9 vols. Leiden: E. J. Brill

1960– ), which is cited by volume and page numbers.

There are a few additional abbreviated references in the

further reading lists to the Dictionary of the Middle Ages,

Dictionary of Scientific Biography,and André Vauchez’s

Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages.These are noted and sug-

gested because of the lack of other material in English.

The bibliography contains the latest work in English on

the medieval worlds and is grouped into 10 general and

topical sections.

xx Preface