Bibliography 857Lewis, Bernard. Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An
Historical Enquiry.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Lewis, Bernard. The Arabs in History.6th ed. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1993.
Lewis, Bernard. Islam and the West. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1993.
Lewis, Bernard. Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and
Jews in the Age of Discovery.Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1995.
Lindholm, Charles. The Islamic Middle East: An Historical
Anthropology.Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.
Lunenfeld, Marvin, ed. 1492—Discovery, Invasion, Encounter:
Sources and Interpretations. Lexington, Mass.: D.C.
Heath, 1991.
Madelung, Wilferd. The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of
the Early Caliphate.Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1997.
Mahdi, Muhsin, ed. “Political Philosophy in Islam.” In
Medieval Political Philosophy. Ed. Ralph Lerner and
Muhsin Mahdi. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press,
1963, 21–186.
Makdisi, George. The Rise of Humanism in Classical Islam and
the Christian West with Special Reference to Scholasticism.
Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1990.
Mann, Vivian B., Thomas F. Glick, and Jerrilynn D. Dodds,
eds. Convivencia: Jews, Muslims, and Christians in
Medieval Spain.New York: George Braziller, 1992.
Marshall, Robert. Storm from the East: From Ghenghis Khan to
Khubilai Khan.Berkeley: University of California Press,
1993.
Masalouf, Amin. The Crusades through Arab Eyes.Trans. Jon
Rothschild. New York: Schoken Books, 1984.
Menocal, Maria Rosa. The Ornament of the World: How
Muslims, Jews, and Christians Created a Culture of
Tolerance in Medieval Spain.Boston: Little, Brown, 2002.
Menocal, Maria Rosa, Raymond P. Scheindlin, and Michael
Sells, eds. The Literature of Al-Andalus. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Meyerson, Mark D., and Edward D. English, eds. Christians,
Muslims, and Jews in Medieval and Early ModernSpain.
Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1999.
Morgan, David. The Mongols.New York: Blackwell, 1986.
Morgan, David. Medieval Persia, 1040–1797. London:
Longman, 1988.
Muldoon, James. The Expansion of Europe: The First Phase.
Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1977.
Muldoon, James. Popes, Lawyers and Infidels: The Church and
the Non-Christian World, 1250–1550. Philadelphia:
University of Pennsylvania Press, 1979.
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. Islamic Science: An Illustrated Study.
[s.1.]: World of Islam Festival Publishing, 1976.
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, ed. Islamic Spirituality.2 vols. New
York: Crossroad, 1987–1991.
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein, and Oliver Leaman, eds. History of
Islamic Philosophy.2 vols. New York: Routledge, 1996.
Niane, Djibril Tamsir, ed. General History of Africa.Vol. 4.
Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century.Berkeley:
University of California Press for UNESCO, 1984.
Nicholson, Reynold A. ALiterary History of the Arabs.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.
Oliver, Roland, ed. The Cambridge History of Africa.Vol. 3.
From c. 1050 to c. 1600. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1977.
Oliver, Roland, and Anthony Atmore. Medieval Africa,
1250–1800. 2d ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2001.
Pagden, Anthony. Peoples and Empires: A Short History of
European Migration, Exploration, and Conquest, from
Greece to the Present.New York: Modern Library, 2001.
Pereira, José. Islamic Sacred Architecture: A Stylistic History.
New Delhi: Books and Books, 1994.
Petry, Carl F. The Civilian Elite of Cairo in the Later Middle
Ages.Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1981.
Phillips, E. D. The Mongols.London: Thames and Hudson,
1969.
Phillips, J. R. S. The Medieval Expansion of Europe.1988. 2d
ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Powell, James, M., ed. Muslims under Latin Rule, 1100–1300.
Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990.
Quinn, David B., ed. North American Discovery, circa
1000–1612. Columbia: University of South Carolina
Press, 1971.
Quinn, David B. European Approaches to North America,
1450–1640. Aldershot, England: Ashgate/Variorum,
1998.
Raby, Julian. The Art of Syria and the Jazira, 1100–1250.
Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press for the Boardof the
Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford, 1985.
Raymond, André. Cairo.Trans. Willard Wood. Cambridge,
Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2000.
Rahman, Habib Ur. A Chronology of Islamic History,
570–1000 CE.Boston: G. K. Hall, 1989.
Reilly, Bernard F.The Context of Christian and Muslim Spain,
1031–1157.Oxford: Blackwell, 1992.
Rey, Louis, ed. Unveiling the Arctic.Fairbanks: University of
Alaska Press, 1984.
Rice, David Talbot. Islamic Painting: A Survey.Edinburgh:
Edinburgh University Press, 1971.
Rice, David Talbot. Islamic Art. London: Thames and
Hudson, 1975.
Robinson, Neal. Christ in Islam and Christianity: The
Representation of Jesus in the Qur’an and the Classical
Muslim Commentaries.Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1991.
Robinson, Chase F. Islamic Historiography. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Robinson, Francis, ed. The Cambridge Illustrated History of
the Islamic World. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1996.
Rodenbeck, Max. Cairo: The City Victorious. New York:
Vintage, 1998.
Rodinson, Maxime. Muhammad.1971. Trans. Anne Carter.- Reprint, New York: Pantheon Books, 1980.
Rogers, Michael. The Spread of Islam. Oxford: Elsevier-
Phaidon, 1976.
Russell, P. E. Portugal, Spain, and the African Atlantic,
1343–1490: Chivalry and Crusade from John of Gaunt to