Introduction to Human Nutrition

Food Safety 337

Nanophyetus

spp.

Eastern Siberia (mountain tributaries

of Amur River) and parts of Sakhalin peninsula, north-western USA

Dogs, cats, rats (?), and

badgers

Salmonid and other fi sh.

Metacercariae in muscles, fi ns, and kidneys

NanophyetiasisDiarrhea, usually accompanied by increased

numbers of circulating eosinophils, abdominal discomfort and nausea. Sometimes asymptomatic

Spelotrema

brevicaeca

Philippines

Sea birds

Crustaceans, amphipods, isopods,

and brachyures

Haplorchis

spp.

Eastern and southern Asia

Cats, dogs, and fi sh-eating

birds

Fish, frogs, and toads.Metacercariae in muscle

Fasciolopsis buski

Oriental countries

Pigs

Uncooked contaminated water plants

such as water cress

Most infections are light and asymptomatic.

Heavy infections show symptoms of diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, ascites, anasarca, and intestinal obstruction

Lung fl

uke

Paragonimus

westermani

and

related species in Asia, Africa and the Americas

Siberia, west Africa (Nigeria,

Cameroon), the Americas (Ecuador to USA), Japan, Korea, Thailand, Laos, China

Domestic and wild

carnivora that feed on crustaceans

Freshwater and brackish water

crabs (

Eriocheir

, Potamon

,

Parathelphusa

), crayfi sh and

shrimps. Metacercariae in muscles, gills, liver (hepatopancreas), and cardia region. Wild boar meat suspected as a source of infection

Paragonimiasis

Based on data from

Food Control

, 6

, Abdussalam

et al.

, Food safety measures for the control of food-borne trematode infections, page 9, copyright 1995 with permission from Elsevier

.