140 The Integumentary System
BIRTHMARKSClinical Name Type Common Names Characteristics
capillary hemangioma vascular strawberry red discolorations that resemble strawberries
hemangioma most common on the face, back, chest, and
back of the neck
may be nonexistent at birth, then within a few
weeks appear and rapidly grow
generally fade by age 9
cavernous hemangioma vascular none purple or reddish blue cluster of blood vessels
beneath, rather than on the surface of, the SKIN
may be quite large, with a spongy consistency
may exist within internal organs such as the
LIVER, BRAIN, and BONE
present at birth or appears within a few days
of birth
susceptible to possibly profuse bleeding with
trauma
may require surgical removal
congenital dermal pigment Mongolian spot, common among infants with dark skin
melanocytosis Mongolian blue spot dusky blue coloration, can cover a large area
most often appears on the lower back or buttocks
present at birth or appears within a few days of
birth
generally fades by age 12
congenital NEVUS; giant pigment mole cluster of pigmented cells
congenital nevus may be flat or raised
may have HAIRgrowing from it (called hairy nevus)
increased risk for malignant melanoma when > 20
centimeters (giant congenital nevus)
nevus flammeus vascular stork bite, salmon patch small, pink, irregular discolorations of the skin
most common on the face and back of the neck
may be nonexistent at birth, then within a few
weeks appear and rapidly grow
generally fade by age 4
nevus flammeus vascular port wine stain most often appears on the face
persists into adulthood
hyperpigmented MACULE pigment café au lait spot coloration similar to coffee with milk
faint appearance at birth, becomes more prominent
by age 3
More than five or six spots may suggest
neurofibromatosis