430 Appendix XII
Year Laureate(s) Discovery
1943 Henrik Dam (1895–1976; Denmark) isolation and biochemical actions of vitamin K
Edward A. Doisy (1893–1986; USA)
1939 Gerhard Domagk (1895–1964; Germany) antibacterial actions of prontosil, particularly against streptococcal
bacteria
1938 Corneille Heymans (1892–1968; Belgium) functions of the cardio-aortic and carotid sinus areas in regulating the
rate of respiration (breathing)
1937 Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrapolt metabolic functions of vitamin C
(1893–1986; Hungary)
1936 Sir Henry Dale (1875–1968; UK) role of neurotransmitters and other biochemicals in conducting nerve
Otto Loewi (1873–1961; Austria) impulses
1935 Hans Spemann (1869–1941; Germany) embryonic organizer areas that regulate how cells form tissues, organs,
and structures within the developing embryo
1934 George H. Whipple (1878–1976; USA) consumption of animal liver as treatment for anemia
George R. Minot (1885–1950; USA)
William P. Murphy (1892–1987; USA)
1933 Thomas H. Morgan 1866–1945; USA) chromosomes as primary units of heredity
1932 Sir Charles Sherrington (1857–1952; UK) structures and functions of neurons and nerves (afferent and efferent
Edgar Adrian (1889–1977; UK) conductivity)
1931 Otto Warburg (1883–1970; Germany) identification and function of hydrogen-transferring enzymes in
respiration
1930 Karl Landsteiner (1868–1943; Austria) human blood groups
1929 Christiaan Eijkman (1858–1930; Eijkman: role of vitamins in diseases such as beriberi
Netherlands) Hopkins: role of vitamins in growth
Sir Frederick Hopkins (1861–1947; UK)
1928 Charles Nicolle (1866–1936; France) transmission of typhus by the body louse
1927 Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1857–1940; Austria) inoculation with malaria as a treatment, by inducing fever high enough
to alter brain function, for psychoses
1926 Johannes Fibiger (1867–1828; Denmark) Spiroptera carcinoma, a burrowing worm capable of causing cancerous
tumors
1924 Willem Einthoven (1860–1927; Netherlands) electrocardiogram (ECG)
1923 Frederick G. Banting (1891–1941; Canada) insulin
John Macleod (1876–1935; Canada)