skin cancer 196
sunburn 200
melanocyte 175–176
aging, integumentary changes
that occur with 135
chloasma 145
integumentary system 127, 129
nevus 178
skin 195
sunburn 200
vitiligo 207
melanogenesis 175
melanoma. Seemalignant
melanoma
melasma. Seechloasma
melatonin 65
membranous labyrinth 4, 33
memory and memory impairment
251–252, 260–262, 261 t,270,
272–273
memory loss 261
Ménière’s disease 33–35
meninges 33, 230, 234, 241,
262–263
meningitis 6, 33, 108
meningocele 282
meniscectomy 336
meniscus 330, 336
menopause 343–345, 374
menstrual cycle 132
menstruation 131, 132, 374
metabolism 364
metastasis 170, 197, 310
metastatic brain cancer 237
metastatic cancer 309
metastatic tumor 235, 237
metencephalon 232
methylprednisolone 284
microinfarction 86
midbrain 232. See alsobrainstem
middle ear 15, 20, 23, 35, 41
middle ear barotrauma 11
migraine headache 365, 366,
373–374, 376t, 377
migratory keratinocytes 170
miliaria 176
miliaria crystallina 176
miliaria rubra 176
mineralization 359
minerals and health 313–315
minimally invasive surgery
(arthroscopy) 304
minoxidil (Rogaine) 137
mixed cerebral palsy 239
Mohs, Frederic E. 176
Mohs’ micrographic surgery 176
molar 294
monocular diplopia 86
monocular vision 121
monovision 83, 109
morphine 363, 377
motion sickness 4
motor nerves 246, 247t, 252
motor neuron disease 265, 297. See
alsoamyotrophic lateral sclerosis
motor neurons 223–224
mouth 35
canker sore 14
cold sore 17–18
halitosis 26
leukoplakia 32
myoclonus 266
oral hygiene 39
salivary glands 49
teeth 358
temporomandibular disorders
359
thrush 57–58
mouth and throat 4–5
movement, biomechanics of 294
mucous membranes 49, 182
mucus 47, 51
multiple sclerosis 263–265, 264 t,
269
muscle 336–337
aging, musculoskeletal changes
that occur with 299–300
bursa 311–312
bursitis 312
contracture 319
cramp 319
dystonia 320
fibromyalgia 321–322
hernia 325–326
lipoma 333
musculoskeletal system 293–294
myasthenia gravis 339
myopathy 339–340
myotonia 340
polymyositis 350
rhabdomyoma 353
spasm 356
spastic cerebral palsy 238–239
sprains and strains 355
tendon 359
tension headache 373
torticollis 360
trigger-point injection 385
muscle fibers 336
muscle function 274
muscle relaxant medications 75,muscle spasm. Seespasm
muscular dystrophy 295, 337–339,
338 t
musculoskeletal system 290–360,
291, 292
biomechanics of movement 294
bone 307–309
breakthrough research and
treatment advances 295–296
functions of 293
health and disorders of
294–295, 295t
joint 328
joints 294
ligament 333
muscle 336–337
muscles 293–294
overview 290–296
skeleton 293, 355
structures of 290–293
teeth 294, 358
tendons, ligaments, and fasciae
294
traditions in medical history 295
mutation
achondroplasia 298
albinism 135–136
Alzheimer’s disease 221–222
cerebral palsy 238
CJD 248
CMT disease 317
color deficiency 80
Huntington’s disease 256
Marfan syndrome 335–336
musculoskeletal system 296
myotonic muscular dystrophy
337–338
nervous system 218
pemphigus 183
psoriasis 188
tremor disorders 289
vitiligo 208
myasthenia gravis 339
mydriasis 100, 107
myelencephalon 232
myelin 255, 263, 270, 317
myelomeningocele 282
Myobloc (botulinum neurotoxin B)
141
myocardial muscle 336
myoclonus 265–266, 266 t
myofascial pain syndrome 385
myopathy 339–340, 350
myopia 73, 82, 100–101,111, 113,
114
myotonia 340406 Index
337, 337 t