neuropathy 342, 356, 376
neutropenia 148, 152, 160, 161,
376
neutrophil
granulocyte 138
hematopoiesis 141
interleukins 278
leukocyte 120
leukotrienes 279
neutropenia 161
phagocytosis 162
nicotine 72, 93, 105, 230
nitrates 83, 85t
NK cell. Seenatural killer cell
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 152,
153
nonself antigen 282, 296
nonself cells 235, 236, 246, 247,
267, 283
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs) 286–287, 286 t
normal flora 346–347
antibiotic medications 308
bacteria 311
botulism 312
candidiasis 314–315
E. coliinfection 324
fungus 327
GALT 265
pneumococcal pneumonia 349
nose 197, 346
nose-associated lymphoid tissue
(NALT) 284, 287–288
nosocomial infections 215, 222, 347
NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs) 286–287,
286 t
NTI. Seenarrow therapeutic index
nucleic acid 361, 362
nutrients 49, 280, 378, 382
nutrition 201, 207
O
obesity
atherosclerosis 22
CAD 45
cardiovascular system 6
CVD 34
hyperlipidemia 65
hypertension 66
lifestyle and cancer 382
lifestyle and cardiovascular
health 73
pulmonary embolism 225
obesity and cardiovascular disease
89–90, 89 t, 102
obligate intracellular parasite. See
virus
obstructive sleep apnea 90, 184
omega fatty acids and
cardiovascular health 50, 90
oncogenes 384–385, 384 t–385t, 397
open heart surgery 33–34, 44,
90–91, 287
open surgery 168, 394
operation. See specific operations, e.g.:
open heart surgery
opportunistic infections 347, 347 t
cryptococcosis 320
oral contraception 48, 65, 105,
308, 374, 381
organ transplantation
aspergillosis 186
bone marrow transplantation
133
cell-mediated immunity 253
cystic fibrosis and the lungs 202
graft vs.host disease 263
heart transplantation 60–63
HLAs 267, 268
immunosuppressive medications
276
immunosuppressive therapy
276
lung transplantation 214
Ornish program 91–92
OSHA. SeeUS Occupational Safety
and Health Administration
osteoarthritis 30, 291
osteoporosis 173, 257
otitis media 294, 343, 349
ovarian cancer 364, 369, 372, 373,
381
oxygen
aging, changes in the blood and
lymph that occur with 123
blood 118
blood vessels 5
cardiac capacity 27
cardiopulmonary bypass 33
cardiovascular system 6
erythrocytes 119
heart 4, 56
heart attack 57
lymph 120
myocardial infarction 86
myocardium 88
physical exercise and
cardiovascular health 97
smoking and cardiovascular
disease 105
stroke 107tachypnea 232
TMLR 112
oxygenated blood 4–5, 7, 226
oxygenation
aging, cardiovascular changes
that occur with 10
CAD 44
cardiac cycle 29
cardiopulmonary bypass 33
cyanosis 46
heart attack 57
pulmonary embolism 225
oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange
216
aging, pulmonary changes that
occur with 182
alveolus 183
asphyxia 186
berylliosis 192
capillary beds 27
erythrocyte 137
erythrocytes 119
hemoglobin 142
lifestyle and cardiovascular
health 72
lungs 212
mechanical ventilation 214
methemoglobinemia 157
oxygen therapy 217
pulmonary edema 224
respiratory cycle 227
sickle cell disease 165
oxygen saturation 216–217
breathing exercises 194
hypoxia 205
mechanical ventilation 215
oxygen-carbon dioxide
exchange 216
oxygen therapy 217
smoking and pulmonary disease
230
oxygen therapy 217, 217 t
anaphylaxis 244
heart attack 57
oxygen-carbon dioxide
exchange 216
positive airway pressure 223
pulmonary edema 224
pulmonary hypertension 99
respiratory failure 227, 228P
pacemaker 93
arrhythmia 18
AV node 23
bundle branch block 26422 Index