Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research and Everyday Experience, 3rd Edition

Media Resources • 389

8. Unconscious determinants of attention in the brain. The
   outcome of a decision can be encoded in activity in the
   prefrontal and parietal cortex for as long as 10 seconds
   before a person is aware of the decision.

Soon, C. S., Brass, M., Heinze, H.-J., & Haynes, J.-D. (2008).

Unconscious determinants of free decisions in the human

brain. Nature Neuroscience, 11, 543–545.

9. Neurons that respond to abstract rules. There are neurons
   in the monkey PFC that respond to abstract rules. This
   adds to the evidence that the PFC is important for prob-
   lem solving.

Wallis, J. D., Anderson, K. C., & Miller, E. K. (2001). Single

neurons in prefrontal cortex encode abstract rules. Nature,

411 , 953–956.

Key TERMS

Affi rming the antecedent,
363
Affi rming the consequent,
363
Antecedent, 362
Availability heuristic, 370
Base rate, 372
Categorical syllogism, 361
Conclusion (of syllogism),
361
Conditional syllogism, 362
Confi rmation bias, 374
Conjunction rule, 373
Consequent, 362
Decisions, 360
Deductive reasoning, 360
Denying the antecedent,
363

Denying the consequent, 363

Expected emotion, 377

Expected utility theory, 375

Evolutionary perspective on

cognition, 366

Falsifi cation principle, 364

Framing effect, 380

Illusory correlation, 371

Immediate emotion, 377

Incidental immediate emotion, 378

Inductive reasoning, 360

Integral immediate emotion, 377

Law of large numbers, 373

Neuroeconomics, 384

Omission bias, 385

Opt-in procedure, 379

Opt-out procedure, 379

Permission schema, 365

Pragmatic reasoning

schema, 365

Premise, 361

Reasoning, 360

Representativeness

heuristic, 371

Risk aversion, 378

Risk aversion strategy, 380

Risk-taking strategy, 380

Social exchange theory, 366

Stereotype, 371

Syllogism, 360

Ultimatum game, 384

Utility, 375

Validity, 361

Wason four-card problem,

364

Media RESOURCES

The Cognitive Psychology

Book Companion Website

http://www.cengage.com/psychology/goldstein

Prepare for quizzes and exams with online resources—
including a glossary, fl ashcards, tutorial quizzes, crossword
puzzles, and more.

CogLab

To experience these experiments for yourself, go to coglab.
wadsworth.com. Be sure to read each experiment’s setup
instructions before you go to the experiment itself. Otherwise,
you won’t know which keys to press.

Primary Labs

Wason selection task Two versions of the Wason four-card
problem. (p. 364)

Typical reasoning How the representativeness heuristic can

lead to errors of judgment. (p. 371)

Risky decisions How decision making is infl uenced by fram-

ing effects. (p. 380)

Decision making An experiment that demonstrates how deci-

sions can be affected by the context within which the decision

is made. (p. 380)

Related Lab

Monty Hall A simulation of the Monty Hall three-door prob-

lem, which involves an understanding of probability.

Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.