ReferencesSteve Chan, eds., Perceptions, Beliefs, and Foreign Policy Decision Making, New
York: Praeger.
—. 1984(3. Validating a Technique for Assessing Personalities of Political Lead-
ers at a Distance: A Pretest. Report prepared for Defense Systems, Inc., as part
of Contract 081-84-1240.
—. 1984C. Personality and Foreign Policy Decision Making: A Study of 53
Heads of Government. In D. A. Sylvan and S. Chan, eds., Foreign Policy Deci-
sion-Making: Perceptions, Cognition, and Artificial Intelligence, 53—80. New
York: Praeger.
—. 1985. Validating a Technique for Assessing Personalities of Political Leaders
at a Distance: A Test Using Three Heads of State. Report prepared for Defense
Systems, Inc., for Contract 081-84-1240.
—. 1986a. The Ingredients of Leadership. In Margaret G. Hermann, ed.,
Political Psychology: Contemporary Problems and Issues. San Francisco: Jossey-
Bass.
—. 1986b. Effects of Speech and Interview Materials on Profiles of Leaders at a
Distance: A Validation Exercise. Report prepared for Defense Systems, Inc., as
part of Contract 081-85-1240.
. The Effects of Translation on Profiles of Leaders at a Distance. Report
prepared for Defense Systems, Inc., as part of Contract DSI-86-I24O.
—. 1987!). Assessing the Foreign Policy Role Orientations of Sub-Saharan
African Leaders. In S. G. Walker, ed., Role Theory and Foreign Policy Analysis,
161—98. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
—. 1987^ Handbook for Assessing Personal Characteristics and Foreign Policy
Orientations of Political Leaders. Columbus: Mershon Center of the Ohio State
University.
—. 1988a. Hafez Al-Assad, President of Syria: A Leadership Profile. In B.
Kellerman and J. Rubin, eds., Leadership and Negotiation in the Middle East,
70—95. New York: Praeger.
—. 1988b. Validating a Technique for Assessing Personalities of Political Lead-
ers at a Distance: Profiles of 12 Leaders from the Same Culture. Report prepared for
Defense Systems, Inc., as part of Contract 081-87-1240.
. Defining the Bush Presidential Style. Mershon Memo (spring): i.
Columbus: Ohio State University.
—. 1989^ Personality Profile Data on Gorbachev. Paper presented at the
annual meeting of the International Studies Association, London, March.
—. 1993. Leaders and Foreign Policy Decision Making. In D. Caldwell and
T. McKeown, eds., Diplomacy, Force, and Leadership: Essays in Honor of Alexan-
der George. Boulder, CO: Westview.
—. 1995. Leaders, Leadership, and Flexibility: Influences on Heads of Gov-
ernment as Negotiators and Mediators. Annals of the American Academy of
Political and Social Science 542:148—67.