Atlas of Human Anatomy by Netter

[Plate 11, Cranial Base: Superior View]

Foramen/Opening Bone Structures Transmitted

Optic canal Lesser wing sphenoid Optic nerve
Ophthalmic artery
Sympathetic plexus

Superior orbital fissure Greater and lesser wings sphenoid Lacrimal nerve (V 1 )

Frontal nerve (V 1 )

Trochlear nerve (IV)

Oculomotor nerve (III)

Abducent nerve (VI)

Nasociliary nerve (V 1 )

Superior ophthalmic vein

Inferior orbital fissure Between greater wing of sphenoid and zygomatic Infraorbital vein
Infraorbital artery
Infraorbital nerve

Foramen spinosum Greater wing of sphenoid Middle meningeal artery and vein

Foramen rotundum Greater wing of sphenoid Maxillary division trigeminal nerve (V3)

Foramen ovale Greater wing of sphenoid Mandibular division trigeminal nerve
Lesser petrosal nerve

Foramen lacerum Between temporal bone (petrous area) and sphenoid bone Internal carotid artery

Foramen magnum Occipital bone Medulla oblongata
Vertebral artery
Meninges
Spinal roots of accessory nerve

Hypoglossal canal Occipital bone Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Jugular foramen Between temporal bone (petrous area) and occipital bone Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Vagus nerve (X)
Accessory nerve (XI)
Inferior petrosal sinus
Sigmoid sinus
Posterior meningeal artery