FACTS & HINTS
High-Yield Facts
Clinical Points
Diseases such as tuberculosis and sarcoidosis and lymphoma cause hilar lymphadenopathy that is visible in chest radiographs.
Pneumonia: a bacterial or viral infection of the lung that can lead to widespread systemic infection and lung collapse. Pneumonia is
frequently confined to a single lobe of one lung and is called lobar pneumonia. It can be clearly seen circumscribed to one lobe in a chest
radiograph.
The entry of air into a pleural cavity because of a penetrating wound or a fractured rib is called a pneumothorax and results in partial or total
collapse of the lung.
The escape of fluid into the pleural cavity (pleural effusion) is called hydrothorax; if the fluid is blood, the condition is known as a
hemothorax, and if it is chyle from the thoracic duct, it is called a chylothorax.
Inflammation of the pleurae is called pleuritis or pleurisy; resulting friction between the two pleurae (pleural rub) is very painful and can be
heard with a stethoscope.
The inflamed pleurae may adhere to each other (pleural adhesion)
Squamous cell or oat cell carcinoma is a common cancer of the lung, usually caused by smoking, that may be indicated by a persistent
cough or spitting of blood (hemoptysis).page 108
page 109Mnemonics
Memory Aids
Let's play the violin: L = lung pleura, P = parietal V = visceral
3 Ps: Parietal Pleura innervated by the Phrenic nerve
Victor has no sensation: Visceral pleura has no sensory innervation
Causes of Hilar Lymphadenopathy: Tell Some Lies: Tuberculosis, Sarcoidosis, Lymphoma
Bronchopulmonary segments: Apes And Possums Might Light LAMPS: (Upper lobe: Apical, Anterior, Posterior; Middle lobe: Medial and Lateral;
Lower lobe: Lateral, Anterior, Medial, Posterior, Superior)