Atlas of Human Anatomy by Netter

[Plate 55, Muscles Involved in Mastication (Continued)]

Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Blood Supply Main Actions

GenioglossusMental spine of

mandible

Dorsum of

tongue and

hyoid bone

Hypoglossal

nerve

Sublingual and submental arteries Depresses and

protrudes tongue

Hyoglossus Body and greater

horn of hyoid

bone

Lateral and

inferior aspect

of tongue

Hypoglossal

nerve

Sublingual and submental arteries Depresses and

retracts tongue

Styloglossus Styloid process

and stylohyoid

ligament

Lateral and

inferior aspect

of tongue

Hypoglossal

nerve

Sublingual artery Retracts tongue and

draws it up for

swallowing

PalatoglossusPalatine

aponeurosis of

soft palate

Lateral aspect

of tongue

Vagus nerve

and pharyngeal

plexus

Ascending pharyngeal arteries and

Palatine branches of facial and

maxillary arteries

Elevates posterior

tongue

Palate
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page 35

Forms roof of mouth and floor of nasal cavities

Consists of two parts

Hard palate anteriorly

Formed from by palatine processes of maxillae and horizontal plates of palatine bones

Covered with periosteum and oral mucosa (inferiorly) and respiratory mucosa superiorly

Has five foramina

a. Incisive fossa behind central incisors transmits nasopalatine nerves via incisive canals

b. Paired greater palatine foramina medial to third molar transmits greater palatine vessels and nerves

c. Paired lesser palatine foramina posterior to greater palatine foramina transmits lesser palatine nerves and vessels

Mucous secreting palatine glands beneath mucosa

Incisive papilla directly posterior to maxillary incisors

Palatine raphe

a. Midline ridge/groove