232 Harmful Substances that Affect Performance
effects of rEPO are actually similar to those seen in an athlete who trains at altitude. In order
for these changes to occur, the athlete must have an adequate iron intake and maintain an
aerobic training schedule.The increase in red blood cell production can cause a number of significant adverse
effects. High blood pressure, a flu-like syndrome, and a sluggish bloodflow are the most
common. Bloodflow becomes sluggish when the percentage of red blood cells reaches
55%. Normal ranges are 40% to 48% in men and 36% to 45% in women. Sluggish blood
flow causes a variety of complaints, including headache, dizziness, ringing in the ears,
visual changes, and chest pain. Other possible complications are heart attack, seizure, or
stroke due to a blockage of blood flow. Up to 18 deaths due to rEPO have been reported in
cyclists. The use of blood doping or rEPO is prohibited by all sport governing bodies as
well as the military.DHEA
DHEA, or dehydroepiandrosterone, is a hormone released by your adrenal glands
into your bloodstream each morning; from there it travels to other tissues and is converted
into small amounts of testosterone (estrogen for women). It has been shown that levels of
DHEA decline with age, and this finding has created a sensation among the manufacturing
world. Although DHEA has been available for decades, it has only been on the market since
about 1994. It is now being touted as the miracle drug of the 21st century. There is no
question that it is a miracle drug to the companies producing and selling it, but the true
benefits in humans has not been determined. The various claims being advertised for
DHEA include:" Lengthening of life
" Prevention of cancer, heart disease, and osteoporosis
" Burning of fat stores
" Stimulate libido
" Boosts energy levels and mood
" Enhances immune system
None of these claims have been demonstrated, and there are a number of reasons
why it may be hazardous. As stated previously, DHEA is a hormone and it can be converted
to testosterone. Increased testosterone levels could increase your risk of prostate cancer.
The other potential dangers of DHEA will unfold as more research is conducted, and people
who are taking it regularly are followed. To date it has not been banned by the USOC, but
that may be only because it is so new on the market.