Internal Medicine

0521779407-14 CUNY1086/Karliner 0 521 77940 7 June 4, 2007 21:16

990 Miscellaneous Intestinal Protozoa Mitral Insufficiency (MR)

specific therapy

Indications

■None

Treatment Options

■None

Contraindications

■Absolute: All patients

follow-up

During Treatment

■None

Routine

■None

complications and prognosis

■N/A

MITRAL INSUFFICIENCY (MR)

JUDITH A. WISNESKI, MD

history & physical

Etiology

■Abnormality in valve or subvalvular apparatus

➣Myxomatous degeneration (most common)

➣Coronary artery disease (papillary muscle ischemia or infarct)

➣Chordae tendineae rupture

➣Endocarditis

➣Marfan syndrome

➣Collagen vascular disease

■MR secondary to LV deformity

➣Inferior wall dyskinesis

➣Left ventricular (LV) dilation due to cardiomyopathy

History

■Symptoms of pulmonary congestion: DOE, orthopnea, or PND

■Hemoptysis (more common with mitral stenosis)

■Systemic emboli (rare)