Small Animal Dermatology, 3rd edition

638 DISEASES/DISORDERS

 Isoxazolines:
Selective inhibitor of arthropod GABA and L-glutamate-gated chloride channels
Off-label use; number of treatments required undetermined
Well tolerated; adverse effects include transient vomiting or diarrhea, and

anorexia

Afoxalaner 2.5 mg/kg every 4 weeks; approved for use in dogs over 1.8 kg and

over 8 weeks of age for flea/tick control; use with caution in patients with a

history of seizures

Fluralaner 25 mg/kg every 12 weeks; approved for use in dogs over 2 kg and over

6 months of age for flea/tick control

Sarolaner 2 mg/kg every 4 weeks; approved for use in dogs over 1.4 kg and over

6 months of age for flea/tick control

 Fipronil spray or spot-on: applied monthly for 1–2 treatments;Cheyletiellaspp.

 Amitraz (Mitaban) dip: 250 ppm; every 1–2 weeks for three treatments; treat entire

body including the face and ears (dogs).

 Lime sulfur: 2–4% solution of lime sulfur; apply weekly for 4–6 weeks; treat entire

body including face and ears (dogs and cats).

 Topical antiseborrheic shampoo therapy in conjunction with scabicidal agent helps

speed clinical resolution.

 Systemic antibiotics: may be needed for 21 days or longer to resolve any secondary

bacterial folliculitis.

 Low-dose glucocorticoids: prednisolone 0.5 mg/kg BID for first week of treatment

then tapered dosage in conjunction with miticidal therapy; beneficial in resolving

pruritus.

COMMENTS

 Bedding should be disposed of and the environment thoroughly cleaned and treated

with parasiticidal sprays/foggers/bombs (flea insecticides for the environment are

often effective).

 Intense pruritus and clinical signs should resolve within 4–6 weeks after initiation of

treatment.

 Reinfection can occur if contact with infected animals continues.

 Sarcoptid mite infestation should be considered for pruritus of unknown origin as

well as in previously controlled allergic patients with sudden and poorly responsive

flaring of symptoms.

 Approximately 30% of dogs with sarcoptid mite infestations will also react to house

dust mite antigens on intradermal skin testing.

 Humans in close contact with an affected animal may develop a pruritic, papular

rash on their arms, chest, or abdomen; human lesions are usually transient and

should resolve spontaneously after the affected animal has been treated; if lesions

persist, clients should seek advice from their physician for appropriate therapy

(Figure 42.17).