Small Animal Dermatology, 3rd edition

APPENDIX B DRUG FORMULARY 769

Diphenoxylate(Lomotil)

Opiate agonist. Stimulatessmooth musclesegmentation in intestine,as well as electrolyteabsorption. Used foracute treatment ofnonspecific diarrhea.

Adverse effects have notbeen reported inveterinary medicine.Diphenoxylate is poorlyabsorbed systemically andproduces few systemicside effects. Excessive usecan cause constipation.

Doses are based primarilyon empiricism orextrapolation of humandose. Clinical studies havenot been performed inanimals. Containsatropine, but dose is nothigh enough forsignificant systemiceffects.

2.5 mg tablets.

Dog: 0.1–0.2 mg/kgq8–12h po.Cat: 0.05–0.1 mg/kgq12h po.

Doxycycline(Vibramycin andgeneric forms)

Tetracycline antibiotic.Mechanism of action oftetracyclines is to bind to30S ribosomal subunitand inhibit proteinsynthesis. Usuallybacteriostatic. Broadspectrum of activityincluding bacteria, someprotozoa,

Rickettsia

,

Ehrlichia

.

Severe adverse reactionsnot reported withdoxycycline. Tetracyclinesin general may causerenal tubular necrosis athigh doses. Tetracyclinescan affect bone and teethformation in younganimals but this is lesslikely with doxycycline.

Many pharmacokineticand experimental studieshave been conducted insmall animals, but noclinical studies. Ordinarilyconsidered the drug ofchoice for

Rickettsia

and

Ehrlichia

infections in

dogs. Doxycycline IVinfusion is stable for only12h at room temperatureand 72h if refrigerated.

10 mg/mL oralsuspension; 100 mginjection vial.Doxycycline hyclate50, 100 mg tabletsor capsules.Doxycyclinemonohydrate 50 or100 mg tablets orcapsules.

3–5 mg/kg q12h po IV or10 mg/kg q24h po.For

Rickettsia

in dogs:

5 mg/kg q12h.

Enilconazole (Imaverol,Clinafarm EC)

Azole antifungal agent fortopical use only. Like otherazoles, inhibits membranesynthesis (ergosterol) infungus. Highly effectivefor dermatophytes.

Administered topically.Adverse effects have notbeen reported.

Imaverol is available onlyin Canada as 10%emulsion. In the US,Clinafarm EC is availablefor use in poultry units as13.8% solution. Dilutesolution to at least 50:1,and apply topically every3–4 days for 2–3 weeks.Enilconazole also hasbeen instilled as 1:1dilution into nasal sinusfor nasal aspergillosis.

10% or 13.8%emulsion.

Nasal aspergillosis:10 mg/kg q12h instilledinto nasal sinus for 14days (10% solutiondiluted 50/50 with water).Dermatophytes: dilute10% solution to 0.2%,and wash lesion withsolution 4 times at 3–4day intervals.

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