Answers ■ A29ANSWERS TO FIGURE QUESTIONS
Figure 16.3
Q1: Are ciliates more closely related to euglenoids or to diatoms?
To euglenoids or to forams?
A1: Ciliates are more closely related to both diatoms and forams
than they are to euglenoids.
Q2: Are all the algae groups (red, green, and brown) equally
related?
A2: No. Red and green algae are more closely related to each other
than either is to brown algae.
Q3: Which protist group do you think is most closely related to
plants? Justify your answer.
A3: Green algae, because they share a common ancestor with
plants.
Figure 16.5
Q1: What evolutionary innovation separates all land plants from
their aquatic ancestors?
A1: They are terrestrial.
Q2: How do ferns differ from bryophytes? Do they share this
difference with other plant groups? (You will need to read ahead to
answer this question.)
A2: Ferns have lignin and vascular systems, while bryophytes do
not. Gymnosperms and angiosperms also have these adaptations.
Q3: What group(s) might a plant with seeds belong to? What about
a plant with flowers?
A3: Seeds are found in gymnosperms or angiosperms; flowers are
found only in angiosperms.
Figure 16.6
Q1: In what ways are terrestrial plants and their aquatic ancestors
the same? Give at least two similarities.
A1: Both photosynthesize and must absorb nutrients.
Q2: In what ways do terrestrial plants and their aquatic ancestors
differ? Give at least two differences.
A2: Unlike their aquatic ancestors, terrestrial plants must protect
themselves from dehydration and absorb nutrients from the soil.
Q3: Would you predict that aquatic plants (which have secondarily
evolved to live in water) would be more like plants in a rainforest
or more like desert plants? Explain your reasoning.
A3: They should be more like rainforest plants, because water is
not as limiting a resource in the rainforest as in the desert.
Figure 16.8
Q1: What feature(s) of the ginseng plant tell you that it is not a
bryophyte?
A1: It has roots, and also it is able to grow higher than a
bryophyte.
Q2: What feature(s) of the ginseng plant tell you that it is not a fern
or gymnosperm?
A2: It has flowers, which only angiosperms have.Q3: Because of the CITES classification of ginseng, you are not
allowed to sell plants younger than 5 years even if they grew on
your own land. Do you agree with that law? Why or why not?A3: Some students will argue they should be able to do what they want
on their own land; others will agree it is best to maintain the species.Figure 16.9
Q1: What group of fungi most resembles the mushrooms you buy
in a grocery store?A1: Basidiomycetes.Q2: Are sac fungi more closely related to molds or to club fungi?A2: Sac fungi are more closely related to club fungi, with which
they share a common ancestor, than to molds.Q3: How do we know that fungi are eukaryotes rather than
prokaryotes?A3: The simplest reason is that fungi are multicellular, but they also
are composed of eukaryotic cells (with organelles, larger size, etc.).Figure 16.11
Q1: Why is it important that the fruiting body is aboveground?A1: Because belowground, spores would not be able to travel by
wind.Q2: What part of a fungus is the mushroom that you can buy in the
grocer y store?A2: A fruiting body.Q3: Write a sentence in your own words that uses the terms
“mycelium,” “fruiting body,” and “spore” correctly.A3: One possible answer: The mycelium is the main body of
a mushroom, while the fruiting body develops to produce and
release spores into the environment, for reproduction.CHAPTER 17
END-OF-CHAPTER ANSWERS
- a
- a
- d
- Mitochondrial DNA, Nuclear DNA
- (a) N, (b) R, (c) B, (d) B, (e) B
- c
- Monotremes lay eggs rather than developing young internally
via a placenta. Marsupials have a simple placenta and so give
birth to relatively undeveloped young, which then develop
externally in a pouch. Eutherians have a well-developed
placenta and so can support their young internally until they
are more fully developed - (a) 4, (b) 1, (c) 5, (d) 2, (e) 3