CHAPTER-16 : DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
- (b) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (a)
- (c) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (d)
- A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(v), D-(i), E-(ii)
- A-(ii, iv), B-(v, vi, x), C-(viii), D-(iii, vii), E-(i, ix)
- (i) Stenson’s (ii) mumps
(iii) Oxyntic cells (iv) Castle intrinsic factor
(v) 5 (vi) Kupffer
(vii) Heparin (viii) alkaline
(ix) glucagon (x) Paneth
- (a) 15. (b) 16. (c) 17. (c) 18. (a)
- (a) A - Kupffer cells, B - Sinusoid, C - Bile canaliculus
D - Hepatocyte
(b) Kupffer cells phagocytise the old and damaged WBCs,
RBCs and bacteria.
(c) Part B contains blood and part C contains bile.
(d) Part D i.e., hepatocytes (liver cells) secrete bile. - (a) A represents Auerbach’s plexus, present in muscularis
layer. Auerbach’s plexus controls peristalsis.
(b) Layer B is lamina propria.
(c) C is Meissner’s plexus present in submucosa layer of wall of
alimentary canal.
CHAPTER-17 : BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES
- (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (a)
- (c) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (b)
- A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(v), D-(i), E-(iii)
- A-(ii, vii), B-(iv, viii), C-(i, x), D-(v, ix), E-(iii, vi)
- (i) contraction (ii) increases
(iii) muscles of diaphragm (iv) external intercostal
(v) relaxation (vi) reduces
(vii) internal intercostal (viii) abdominal muscles
- (a) 15. (b) 16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (d)
- (a) The given graph represents oxygen-haemoglobin
dissociation curve, which is relationship between the partial
pressure of oxygen (pO 2 ) and percentage saturation of the
haemoglobin with O 2.
(b) The given factors (i) and (iii) will shift the oxygen-
haemoglobin curve to right that indicates dissociation
of oxygen from haemoglobin, while (ii) factor will shift
the curve to the left that indicates association of O 2 by
haemoglobin.
(c) In the given graph, labelled curve A shows formation of
oxyhaemoglobin and labelled curve B shows dissociation
of oxyhaemoglobin.- (a) A-Dorsal respiratory group, B-Ventral respiratory group,
C-Pneumotaxic centre, D-Apneustic centre.
(b) Labelled part C, pneumotaxic centre is located in the dorsal
part of pons varolii.
(c) Labelled part A represent dorsal respiratory group of
neurons. Its main functions are:
- this group of neurons mainly causes inspiration.
- controls the contraction of intercostal muscles.
CHAPTER-18 : BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION
- (b) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (d)
- (a) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (a)
- A-(iii), B-(v), C-(i), D-(ii), E-(iv)
- A-(iv, viii), B-(i, v), C-(vi, ix), D-(ii, vii), E-(iii, x)
- (i) medulla oblongata (ii) vagus nerve
(iii) sympathetic nerve fibre
(iv) Noradrenaline (v) adrenaline
(vi) sino-atrial node (vii) Thyroxine - (a) 15. (d) 16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (c)
- (a) P wave - Atrial depolarisation which leads to contraction
of atria.
QRS wave - Ventricular depolarisation, resulting in
ventricular contraction.
T wave - Ventricular repolarisation during which ventricles
return to normal state from excited state.
(b) The end of the T wave marks the end of systole.
(c) QRS wave is due to spread of electrical impulse through
the ventricles. It is caused by impulses of contraction from
AV node through the bundle of His and Purkinje fibres and
contraction of ventricular muscles. The enlarged Q and R
waves indicate a myocardial infarction. - (a) A-Right atrium, B-Right ventricle, C-Left atrium, D-Left
ventricle.
(b) Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus
carry deoxygenated blood from different body parts to right
atrium.
(c) X represents systemic circulation and Y represents
pulmonary circulation.
(d) Left atrium.
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SOLUTIONS