Chapter 9
Spectroscopic Methodologies
Abstract Numerous viable optical spectroscopic methodologies are being imple-
mented in biophotonics. Each spectroscopic discipline is progressively adopting
more sophisticated photonics and opticalfiber-based systems for delivering probing
light to a tissue analysis site, for collecting light emitted from a specimen, and for
returning this light to photodetection, recording, and analysis instruments. A key
technological advance of spectroscopic methodologies is for rapid, accurate, and
noninvasive in vivo detection and diagnosis of various health conditions. Examples
of spectroscopic techniques used in biophotonics include fluorescence spec-
troscopy,fluorescent correlation spectroscopy, elastic scattering spectroscopy, dif-
fuse correlation spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman
scattering spectroscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy,
stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy, photon correlation spectroscopy, Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brillouin scattering spectroscopy.
A number of optical spectroscopic methodologies that make use of advanced
photonics and opticalfiber technology are being used worldwide in research lab-
oratories and medical clinics. In addition to in vitro applications, a key techno-
logical advance of these methodologies is for rapid, accurate, and noninvasive
in vivo detection and diagnosis of various health conditions [ 1 – 4 ]. These proce-
dures include
- Observing either short-term or long-term opticalfluorescence or reflectance
variations to discover premalignant and malignant changes in tissue for cancer
diagnoses - Diagnosing various diseases in a wide range of organs, such as the brain, skin,
colon, breast, esophagus, pancreas, and oral cavity - Quantifying microvascular bloodflow in highly scattering biological tissues to
assess their function and health - Sensing glucose concentrations, oxygen levels, hemoglobin concentration, and
other constituents in blood for assessments of conditions such as diabetes and
anemia
©Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016
G. Keiser,Biophotonics, Graduate Texts in Physics,
DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-0945-7_9
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