Biophotonics_Concepts_to_Applications

with respect toexand having a magnitude

E= E^2 0x +E^2 0y

 1 = 2

ð 2 : 12 Þ

This case is shown schematically in Fig.2.5. Conversely, just as any two
orthogonal plane waves can be combined into a linearly polarized wave, an arbi-
trary linearly polarized wave can be resolved into two independent orthogonal plane
waves that are in phase. For example, the waveEin Fig.2.5can be resolved into
the two orthogonal plane wavesExandEy.

Example 2.2The general form of an electromagnetic wave is

y¼ðamplitude inlmÞcosðxtkzÞ¼A cos½ 2 pðmtz=kފ

Find the (a) amplitude, (b) the wavelength, (c) the angular frequency, and

(d) the displacement at time t = 0 and z = 4μm of a plane electromagnetic

wave specified by the equation y¼12cos½ 2 pð3t 1 :2zފ:

z

Direction

of wave

propagation

Electric field

Linearly polarized

wave along the x axis

Linearly polarized

wave along the y axis

Axial view of the

electric field wave

components

E

E

E

Ey

Ex

θ

Ey

E

x

Ey

y

x

E

x

Fig. 2.5 Addition of two linearly polarized waves having a zero relative phase between them

32 2 Basic Principles of Light

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